Treaty Of Versailles Essays - Treaty Of Versailles, Interwar Period

Treaty Of Versailles Essays - Treaty Of Versailles, Interwar Period Treaty Of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was intended to be a peace agreement between the Allies and the Germans instead it created political and economic chaos in Germany. By the end of the first World War, Germany had surrendered and signed a peace agreement. The task of forming a peace agreement was now in the hands of the Allies. In December of 1918, the Allies met in Versailles to start on the peace settlement. The main countries and their representatives were: The United States, Woodrow Wilson; Great Britain, David Lloyd George; and France, George Clemenceau. It had seemed that making peace agreement would be easy. Once they started, the Allies began having different ideas about the wording of the Treaty of Versailles. The Allies found themselves in another battle. The Peace Treaty of Versailles represented the results of hostility and revenge and opened the door for a dictator and World War II. When World War I began there was no question that the United States would remain neutral. The United States, President Woodrow Wilson didn't want to enter the European War or any other war for that matter. (Watt, 439) As the war continued, it became obvious that the United States would no longer sit on the sidelines. German submarines had sunk American tankers and the British liner, Lusitania, killing almost twelve hundred people, including 128 Americans.(Watt, 400) This convinced Wilson to enter World War I, on the allied side. As the war continued, Wilson outlined his peace program, which was based on fourteen main points. Wilson was more interested in peace than capturing German colonies. As the Allies began discussions of the peace treaty, the European allies rejected Wilson's ideas and reasoning. Soon the allies were seeking revenge and Germany was to be hurt economically and socially by its enemies. Britain and Germany were always rivals. Before the war, Germany challenged Britain's famous powerful and unstoppable navy by increasing the amount of money spent on their navy. Britain paid thirty-six percent of the debt incurred by the allies and seventeen percent of the war's total casualties. After the war, Britain faced tough economic problems. Their exports were at an all time low due to outdated factories, high tariffs, and competition from other countries. Britain suffered from high unemployment, which affected the well being of the country. The Treaty of Versailles would provide an opportunity to seek revenge for their losses. They also wanted German colonies in Africa. As Britain, France had a rivalry with Germany but the French's ill feelings were even more intensive. Nationalism created tensions between France and Germany. The French resented their defeat in the Franco - Prussian War and wanted revenge. France was determined to take Alsace Lorraine. This gave the French the motivation of increasing their military strength and ultimately, destroying their life-long enemies. After the war, France suffered terribly, economically. Inflation and a deflated French Franc encouraged the French to take advantage of the peace settlement. France wanted revenge as well as security against any future German attack. France also wanted a huge amount of reparations, and the return of Alsace Lorraine. All the leaders had different opinions and motives regarding the Treaty of Versailles. Coming to an understanding was difficult. The Treaty had to be revised several times before the final copy was signed on January 18, 1919. There was scarcely a section of the treaty which was not attacked, just as there was scarcely a section of the treaty which was not attacked.(Watt, 110) The German's did not want to agree to such harsh terms. France and Britain wanted revenge on Germany but wanted each other's benefits. Clemenceau pointed out that the British were making no effort to placate the Germans at the expense of British interests. They offered no proposals to reduce the number of German ships to be handed over, or to return Germany's colonies, or to restore the German Navy, or to remove the restrictions on Germany's overseas trade. Instead, it was always at the expense of French interest that concessions were to be made. Wilson thought both France and Britain were being too mean and unr easonable. The allies used Wilson's Fourteen Points program to convince Germany to sign an armistice. However, once

Tips sobre huellas digitales para asuntos migratorios

Tips sobre huellas digitales para asuntos migratorios En Estados Unidos, las autoridades migratorias utilizan las huellas digitales como medio para identificar a las personas y verificar su historial migratorio  y delictivo, en el caso de tenerlo. Segà ºn el resultado obtenido de la toma de las huellas digitales - conocidas como dactilares en algunos paà ­ses- , las autoridades pueden aprobar o denegar beneficios como visas, tarjetas de residencia permanente, asilo, adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n, etc. Adems, tambià ©n pueden impedir el ingreso a los Estados Unidos de cualquier persona extranjera o proceder a su deportacià ³n, si ya estuviera en el paà ­s. En este artà ­culo se explica por quà © se utilizan las huellas digitales, cundo y dà ³nde se toman,  quà © tipo de informacià ³n se obtiene, y sus consecuencias migratorias. Por qu se utilizan las huellas digitales para identificar a las personas? No solo las autoridades de Estados Unidos utilizan las huellas digitales como herramienta de identificacià ³n de individuos, sino prcticamente todos los gobiernos del mundo. La razà ³n es que no existen dos personas con las mismas huellas, ni siquiera los gemelos idà ©nticos, aunque sà ­ tengan el mismo ADN. Se estima que entre un uno y un dos por ciento de las personas a las que se toma las huellas dactilares con escneres digitales - el medio empleado por las autoridades de EE.UU.- tienen problemas para que se lean correctamente.   En estos casos se emplean para su identificacià ³n otros recursos biomà ©tricos, como fotos. Adems, en algunos casos se puede pedir un examen de ADN. Esto à ºltimo es comà ºn en ciertas categorà ­as de solicitud de papeles para la tarjeta de residencia por familia. Para qu trmites migratorios se toman las huellas dactilares en Estados Unidos? La toma de huellas digitales es muy comà ºn para toda clase de trmites migratorios. Por ejemplo, trmites de visas no inmigrante, tipo turista, estudiante, intercambio, inversià ³n, etc. Tambià ©n son necesarias cuando se est gestionando una visa de inmigrante para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente. Asimismo, se toman las huellas como parte necesaria las solicitudes de ajuste de estatus, asilo, proteccià ³n para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica VAWA, visas humanitarias como la T por trfico humano o la U por violencia, DACA para jà ³venes indocumentados que llegaron a EE.UU. siendo nià ±os y adquisicià ³n de la  ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. En cumplimiento del programa US-Visit, tambià ©n se toman las huellas en todos los puertos de entrada a Estados Unidos - puertos, aeropuertos y fronteras terrestres- . Estn excluidos de esta obligacià ³n los ciudadanos americanos, diplomticos extranjeros con visas de la familia A o G, residentes permanentes en un viaje de crucero que salieron de EE.UU. y regresan al paà ­s por el mismo puerto. Tampoco estn obligados a dar las huellas digitales ciudadanos canadienses y mexicanos en ciertas categorà ­as migratorias. Por ejemplo, estn excluidos los mexicanos residentes en la frontera que cuentan con una visa vigente de cruce, tambià ©n conocida como lser. Finalmente, tambià ©n se toman las huellas a los migrantes agarrados por la Patrulla Fronteriza cruzando ilegalmente la frontera y a todas las personas, estadounidenses o no, que son arrestadas o detenidas en cualquier parte del paà ­s por autoridades federales, estatales o locales. Como regla general que admite excepciones, no se toma las huellas digitales a personas mayores de 79 aà ±os y a menores de 14 aà ±os de edad. Dnde se toman las huellas digitales? En Estados Unidos, el lugar para el trmite de las huellas digitales depende de la razà ³n por la que se toman. Asà ­, en el caso de puestos de control migratorio la gestià ³n es realizada en puertos, aeropuertos y fronteras terrestres por la CBP, tambià ©n conocida como Patrulla Fronteriza. Tambià ©n son los encargados de tomarlas en el caso de migrantes indocumentados agarrados cruzando ilegalmente la  frontera.   En los casos de trmites migratorios como ajuste de estatus, asilo, naturalizacià ³n, etc., es necesario acudir en la fecha y hora asignada por la carta que envà ­a el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) al Application Support Center (ASC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) ms cercano y cuya direccià ³n est consignada en la carta en la que se notifica la cita. Si la persona que debe acudir al ASC se olvida de la cita o se equivoca, se recomienda presentarse tan pronto sea posible y explicar quà © pasà ³. Como regla general, si ha pasado menos de una semana desde la fecha de la cita no pasa nada y se toman en ese momento las huellas. Si ha pasado ms tiempo, debe contactar con USCIS llamando al 1-800-375-5283 para programar  una nueva cita. Si no se hace, USCIS entender que se ha desistido del trmite y cancelar el expediente. Por à ºltimo, en caso de arresto o detencià ³n, la autoridad realiza la toma las huellas y las comparte con el FBI quien, a su vez, las comparte con Inmigracià ³n. Si las autoridades migratorias consideran que la persona detenida es de su interà ©s, pueden emitir un hold para proceder a tomar custodia de dicha persona. Fuera de Estados Unidos se siguen dos sistemas. En algunos paà ­ses, como por ejemplo Mà ©xico, Argentina o Repà ºblica Dominicana, antes de ir a la embajada o consulado para la entrevista para la visa de no inmigrante o de inmigrante se debe acudir para los trmites de los datos biomà ©tricos a un ASC - conocido en algunos paà ­ses como Centro de Atencià ³n de Visa o VAC- . Sin embargo, en otros paà ­ses la entrevista y la toma de huellas digitales tienen lugar el mismo dà ­a en las instalaciones de la embajada o consulado. Qu sucede una vez que las autoridades migratorias tienen las huellas digitales? Las huellas digitales se verifican contra  una enorme base de datos del FBI que contiene, literalmente, cientos de millones de huellas. Adems,  la CBP tiene tambià ©n a su disposicià ³n el sistema TECS que contiene, entre otros, informacià ³n migratoria, posible historial criminal, rà ©cords de vehà ­culos  e informacià ³n consular a travà ©s del acceso a la base de datos CCD, del Departamento de Estado. USCIS puede acceder a la informacià ³n que contienen esas bases de datos y asà ­ tener a mano informacià ³n completa sobre una persona, incluyendo todos los nombres que ha utilizado, fecha de nacimiento, rà ©cord criminal, nà ºmero del Seguro Social, direcciones en las que ha vivido, direcciones de correo electrà ³nico, certificados de naturalizacià ³n, nà ºmero de alien, nà ºmero de visa, SEVIS (en el caso de estudiante o de extranjero en programa de intercambio), etc. La informacià ³n que se obtiene a partir de las huellas digitales sirve, a efectos migratorios, para los tres siguientes fines: En primer lugar, para determinar la identidad de una persona y detectar si ha utilizado ilegalmente otros nombres o documentos que no son suyos o falsificados. Se han detectado ms de 800 mil casos de este tipo de anomalà ­a. En segundo lugar, para determinar posibles violaciones migratorias. Por ejemplo, si se le toman las huellas a una persona extranjera presente en Estados Unidos, debe aparecer una coincidencia en alguna base de datos del Departamento de Estado o del Departamento de Seguridad Interna. Si no es asà ­, eso indica que ingresà ³ al paà ­s ilegalmente. Hay que resaltar que es una violacià ³n migratoria grave asegurar en un formulario de migracià ³n que nunca se ha sido detenido o arrestado cuando la verdad es que sà ­ y ese dato es fcilmente verificable con las huellas digitales. Esto aplica incluso a los expedientes que han sido sellados o expurgados. Las personas en estos casos delicados deben asesorarse con un buen abogado migratorio para evitar que su caso se eche abajo por representacià ³n falsa. Tambià ©n se detectan otras violaciones migratorias, como no haber salido de Estados Unidos dentro del plazo autorizado en un viaje previo. En tercer lugar, las huellas digitales sirven para  determinar si se ha cometido algà ºn delito o falta que   convierta a una persona en susceptible a ser deportada o que no se le apruebe una peticià ³n migratoria como, por ejemplo, un ajuste de estatus, una visa, la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana, etc., por ser considerado como inadmisible. Qu hacer cuando se sospecha que puede haber problemas migratorios por culpa de las huellas? Lo fundamental es estar informado de cules son las causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible para ingresar a Estados Unidos o arreglar los papeles, una vez dentro del paà ­s. Dependiendo del caso puede ser muy recomendable obtener el rà ©cord migratorio antes de comenzar cualquier gestià ³n de este tipo.   Finalmente, teniendo en cuenta lo delicado de este tipo de situaciones, es altamente recomendable asesorarse con un abogado de Inmigracià ³n de buena reputacià ³n o con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a migrantes. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Decision Making Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Decision Making - Coursework Example The verdict bears positives for the individuals in the institution as well as the organization. However, the prioritization of profit with disregard of the customer well-being leads the firm into crisis. Specifically, it amounts to the organization breaching the laws governing ethical practices and thus may face legal action (Fitzgerald, 2002). For this reason, the company needs to make haste and strategic decisions with high-risk consequences. Nonetheless, the company may compensate the victims to avoid legal battles. More so, individuals in the company should look into ways that improve the product. Therefore, it is important that the leader change the decision-making approach that gives the managers the autogamy of making decisions in the enterprise. Considering Werbach’s criticism of Wal-Mart, it is unexpected that he would join the company. However, he realizes that he can influence change while working from within the system. Although the public view this as a bad decision, Werbach can change the employees’ lifestyle as they start embracing sustainable practices. Therefore, it is a successful decision considering the positive outcome. A successful decision is measured by how well it shapes the growth of the business. In addition, the benefit-cost ratio is applicable as an indicator of assessing the effectiveness of a decision of the company (Fitzgerald,

The story of the lizard who had the habit of dining on his wives by Essay

The story of the lizard who had the habit of dining on his wives by Eduardo Galeano - Essay Example The story written by Eduardo Galeano remains both an allegory and a fable, one which paints women as preys and men as predators. Dulcidio in the book becomes referred to as the lizard, which often refers to mostly harmless lizards with the exception of the Komodo dragon, which feeds on chunks of meat from its quarry. Hence the word lizard remains used in the story because of its reference to Dulcidio. The main character too becomes depicted as gluttonous as he eats endlessly from his wives. In addition, since Dulcidio came from a powerful family, he used that to lure women with his richness but failed on the woman wearing glasses. In comparison, the story of Helix written by Banana depicts how a normal relationship looks like. A normal relationship often possesses ups and down. The two, boy and girl were discussing on how to go to a healing clinic to have unpleasant memories of their relationships wiped out. First of all, both stories speak of gender relationships. In Helix, the boys often think of getting rid of the unpleasant things that had happened in their relationship, but after discussing with his girlfriend, both resolve the issue. The story hence depicts the power of man and woman to solve their problems in a relationship. In as much as a relationship exist, problems will always be there, and escape will not be a solution. The man in the story of helix thinks of going to the clinic where unpleasant memories were removed. When compared to the story by Eduardo Galeano, drifts in relationships become shown. In a relationship, love should be the ensuing component, but for Dulcidio, it was a different thing, food. Dulcidio got consumed by eating a lot of food, and never loved the women he married. In addition, the women also agreed to enter into such a marriage since Dulcidio possessed a lot of family wealth. Eduardo Galeano remains to be a practical individual when it comes to relationships. In his stories, he majorly emphasizes on common day issues that p eople often take for granted. On the other hand, Banana becomes depicted as creative individuals that always try to keep her audience knowledgeable when it came to the new stuff. Banana introduces the concept of memory wiping in the story, a new thing that the young generation often associate. In contrast, Eduardo Galeano speaks for the old generation. In both stories, the issue of multiple partners in a relationship becomes brought up. In Helix, for instance, the man seated in the bed remembers about how his past girlfriends knew everything about him. In the story by Eduardo Galeano, Dulcidio marries many wives.

Sherlock Holmes Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes Essay How does Arthur Conan Doyle create an atmosphere of mystery and build suspense in The Speckled Band? To what extent are his methods typical of all the other stories in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes?  The story The speckled band was written by Arthur Conan Doyle in 1982 and is one of the many stories in the large Sherlock Holmes series of stories. As known the stories are based on inquiries and investigations, because of course Sherlock Holmes is an investigator, this in itself gives a sense of excitement to the story because you know that there will e a constant thrill throughout the story, especially seems as it is likely that it will be based on something like a murder, or an affair, etc. As soon as the story starts, Holmes gets straight into the action, as a poor victim comes round to his home and asks him for help. She is portrayed to the reader as being in a very poor and vulnerable position by her face (being) all drawn and grey, with restless, frightened eyes, like those of some hunted animal, she is also shivering from fear and so now the reader knows that there is a vulnerable victim, that something is wrong, and that something unjust will be done against her, and so it builds the excitement and suspense in the readers mind. This same scenario is presented in A case of Identity when Miss Sutherland comes to Sherlock Holmes in a similar vulnerable state, frightened. As usual straight away Holmes picks up on all the little details, such as the mud stains on the victims clothes, and manages to create a clear picture in his mind of the situation. The victim is called Miss Helen Stoner. When she first came into the story she was wearing black, veiled and grey haired. She was shivering and terrified, which creates a scary if not intriguing scene leaving the reader asking why is she in this state?!, the lady also gave a violent start, by saying It is fear Mr Holmes, It is terror.  The story then goes on and Holmes is told about the ladys step father, who instantly Holmes recognizes as the murderer.  We can make out from the story, that her step father Doctor Grimesby Roylott was a violent man who had a bad and short temper, and after his wife dies he shut himself up at home and became very violent, and we are told that he is a man of immense strength, and absolutely uncontrollable in his anger. The suspected murderer is described as being a very strong and powerful person, and extremely dangerous, this adds suspense and excitement to the story because from this description you can instantly tell that something out of the ordinary has got to happen with this man.  The killing motive is also freaky in a way, because what he was trying to kill Miss Helen Stoner for was money. His wife left money for her daughters, but if they die he would receive the money.  Personally I dont feel sympathy for Doctor Roylott because hes sick and twisted, hes also very selfish, but a very dangerous man. The scene of the murder adds a considerable amount of suspense to the story, this is because as it is first described, the building is made out to be a scary if not haunted freaky place.  The house is described as The building was of grey, lichen-blotched stone, with a high central portion and two curving wings, like the claws of a crab, thrown out on each side. In one of these wings the windows were broken and blocked with wooden boards, while the roof was partly caved in basically making it look like a picture of ruin. This creates a spooky and scary atmosphere, which makes the reader feel very cautious because its a typical description of a haunted house where anything could suddenly happen. This atmosphere can be easily related to a typical atmosphere of a murder mystery. To add to the atmosphere or fear and horror, the reader is told about the Doctors hobby of keeping wild dangerous animals, and that there is a Wild baboon and a cheetah in the grounds of the house. In the story Holmes suspects Grimesby Roylott as the murder suspect, and he treats the case as urgent, and helps Helen Stoner straight away. This gives the reader the impression that it is important, and so it adds to the feeling that something big is going to happen, and that the case is dangerous. The addition of creepy objects in the house also helps relate an atmosphere, such as the useless ventilator, and the ropes which hung down to the ladys bed.  Holmes also suspects the animal as a dangerous exotic one, in this case it being a snake, and this is not obvious to the reader, and so they will be kept waiting to see what these strange object, and weird animals are all there for. In the end, the murderer who correctly turns out to be Doctor Roylott, gets killed by his own weapon the deadly snake.  This makes the story come to an exciting end, and it in many ways sums up the complete suspense and mystery that has been throughout the book, and makes it all clear to the reader at the end.  The readers will also think about if they think he deserved to get killed because he is sick and twisted, and because he does not care for any one apart from himself. I like my murder mysteries to have a twist at the end and that good always wins.

Selfishness Among Characters :: essays research papers

Characters in the stories we have read so far this semester have been faced with a multitude of problems, emotions and impulses to work through. It seems that from three stories the characters carry out very different actions, but they all have an underlying bond, selfishness and the desire to be something there not. It also seems that they are judged in the eyes of the narrator, as either succeeding or failing due to the way they carried themselves throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story, 'A Pair of Silk Stockings';, by Kate Chopin, the main character, Mrs. Sommers, after finding fifteen dollars plans do things with it for her kids, and her family. However, this all changed after, buying a pair of expensive silk stockings for herself. She just totally forgets about all the nice things she was going to do with the money for her kids, for instance buy them new cloths for once in their lives. Once she put those silk stockings on, she received a small taste of the good life, and the greed and selfishness set in. She wanted more of it. So, she goes off and treats herself to things of a higher class, deep down knowing that she didn't belong where she was, for example, in the theater or going to a nice restaurant for lunch. At the end it seems that she has no recollection of her life before this day had begun. She was so wrapped up in assuming the identity of a wealthy person under false pretenses. The way that the narrator was telling the story, the main character Mrs. Sommers, both Succeeds and fails at the same time. She succeeds in the sense of fooling people and also herself into believing that she is a member of the upper class, at the same time failing in her responsibilities to her family of being a responsible mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the second story, we read by Kate Chopin, 'Regret';, the main character, Mamzelle Aurelie, has a selfishness to her, that to me was a somewhat a good kind of selfishness, unlike Mrs. Sommers. She was a strong woman who never really had a man in her life, probably because she had her own ways of doing things and didn't want a man telling her how to live her life. I believe that this is the reason she turned down the proposal, of marriage, earlier on in her life.

Unreliable Memory in Memento

Unreliable Memory in Memento Thesis: The unique narrative structure of the film and the leading role, Leonard Shelby in Memento prove that memory is unreliable. . In William Golding's Lord of the Flies, Samneric saw something moving, something large, which in reality was the dead body of a parachutist. But in the darkness and out of fear, in Samneric’s memory, the parachutist became a beast with leathery wings, teeth, and claws. He even claimed that he ‘saw it slinking behind the trees'. In this case, Samneric's memory were mastered by his personal feelings — fear.Thus memory is unreliable, as it can be manipulated by personal feelings. Similarly, the leading role of Memento, Leonard Shelby’s memory is also manipulated by his personal feelings. Leonard distorts his memory due to his desire to find and kill ‘the one and only' murderer of his wife. In the following, I am going to prove memory is unreliable through the unique narrative structure and Leon ard Shelby, the leading role of the film. Memento, the story features a man called Leonard Shelby, who has anterograde amnesia, a disorder that caused his brain to be unable to store new memories.From Leonard’s memory, the disorder was a result from a concession caused by the rapist murderer of his wife. From then on, Leonard's life is all about finding ‘the one and only' murderer of his wife and get him killed in order to take revenge. Firstly, it is the unique narrative structure. The film's events unfold in two separate, alternating narratives — one in color, and the other in black-and-white. The black-and-white sections are told in chronological order, beginning by showing Leonard conversing with an anonymous caller in a motel room.Leonard's actual investigation is shown in color sequences that are in reverse order. By the end of the film, when the two narratives converge, revealing the investigation and events that lead up to Leonard’s friend, Teddy's death. The narrative structure is literally a memory test that the director of Memento, Christopher Nolan gives to the viewer. As each color sequence begins, the audience is unaware of the preceding events, just like Leonard, giving the viewer a sense of his confusion.With the structure arranged in this alternating and reverse way, the confused viewer would be lost, in a way that they have no clue where the story is heading. At the end of the film, which chronologically is the first sequence, would only leave the viewer more question marks. Therefore, the narrative structure of the film, which is also the memory test, proves human memory is unreliable. For relying only on memory, the viewer cannot group all the puzzles — the reverse chronological scenes — together and have a full understanding of the events.Confusion is brought on by unreliable memories. As time goes, memory fades, based on this principle that everyone knows and even experiences, Nolan first gives thi s ‘memory test’ to let the viewer a firsthand experience that ‘memory is unreliable’. Zigzagging through the two separate and yet related narratives, Nolan brings out memory is unreliable not only due to physical reasons, but also mental ones. The black-and-white sequence is indeed the narration of Leonard, a former insurance investigator, telling the story of one of his claimants, Sammy Jankis before his injury.Jankis, just like Leonard, appeared to have anterograde amnesia after a car accident. Leonard explains how Jankis's diabetic wife tested Jankis to see if he really had a memory disorder or just faking to claim disability insurance, by repeatedly requesting insulin injections from him. She is desperately hoping that Sammy did not have a memory disorder and would remember the previous injection. As a result, she died from an insulin overdose from Jankis. While the viewer is puzzling why Leonard remembers Jankis so vividly, Nolan reveals a parallel sto ry of Leonard.Because of Leonard's condition and his denial of possibly killing his wife by overdosing her with insulin, he might have made up a different scenario in his mind. He constructed a rape-murder scenario for his wife’s death. He alienated his killing his wife by inventing Sammy Jankis, memorizing it as a separate event. He altered his memory to lessen his guilt. At the end of the film, Leonard confronts his memory and says,†Do I lie to myself to be happy? †¦ yes, I will. † This narration conveys that emory can be full of flaws, it can be distorted by personal feelings, it can be changed by one's desire, that memory can be no more than a tool of self-deception. Secondly, through the leading role of Memento, Leonard Shelby’s verbal expression, condition, tattoos and flashbacks, Nolan proves to the viewer that memory is unreliable. Leonard's lines point directly at ‘memory is unreliable'. In the film Leonard said, â€Å"Memory’s n ot that perfect. It's not even that good. †, â€Å"Memory can change the shape of a room; it can change the color of a car. And memories can be distorted.They're just an interpretation, they're not a record, and they're irrelevant when you have the facts. † Leonard stresses that ‘memory is not good'. Through Leonard's lines, the film emphasizes that, ‘memory is unreliable because they're just an interpretation'. Then moving on to Leonard's condition, anterograde amnesia is the significant feature of Leonard and it is also the heart of the film. Since Leonard has this disorder that he cannot form new memories, everything fades, memory is definitely unreliable for him. For the viewer, being put into Leonard's shoes, unknown to the preceding events, memory is unreliable as well.Again, Leonard's memory problem has directly pointed at ‘memory is unreliable'. Leonard's tattoos is also a significant feature of Leonard. In order to find his wife’s murde rer, Leonard relies on notes and annotated Polaroid pictures. But for vital information which he believes would lead him to the â€Å"murderer†, he tattoos that piece of information on his body instead of writing on a piece of paper because of his inability to form new memories. In one scene, Leonard gets a tattoo of the murderer's license plate number, relying on his memory, he has mistaken an I for a 1.Now this clue has really changed because of his unreliable memory. It tells us not to trust Leonard's believe-to-be-true facts, memory can indeed manipulate everything. As Leonard puts it, â€Å"Memory can change the shape of a room; it can change the color of a car†¦ They're just an interpretation, they're not a record. † Also, according to Leonard's tattoo, the name of the â€Å"murderer† is John G. At the beginning of the film, which chronologically is the last sequence, Leonard does succeed and kill one John Edward Gammell, whose nickname is Teddy.Leona rd says he would remember he had killed that ‘one and only' murderer even with his condition, because that excitement of revenge would remain. However, at the end of the film (which should be the beginning of the story), reveals that Teddy is just one of the few John G. s that Leonard has killed. It turns out after Leonard has killed a John G, he copies Teddy's license plate number and gets it tattooed on his body annotating that is the license plate number of the murderer, making Teddy(John Edward Gammell) his John G, for the sake of his ‘meaning of survival'.Memory can manipulate, and at the same time, be manipulated. Leonard, in order to fulfill his goal and his desire of taking revenge, he lets his memory be manipulated by his personal feelings, and keeps on killing more and more John G. s. Furthermore, there are a few of Leonard's flashbacks throughout the film, one is preparing an insulin injection, one is his staying in a sanatorium (instead of Sammy Jankis does a fter he accidently killed his wife).The more significant flashback is of Leonard's wife waking up, opening her eyes, but if it is played backwards, it is very much like his wife is going into a coma. Leonard also recalls the scene that his wife crying out, â€Å"Ouch! † when he executes the insulin shot. However, the fact is Leonard manufactured Sammy Jankis in order to deny being the murderer of his wife. So, when he recalls that injecting scene from memory, ‘administrating insulin' has become ‘pinching his wife's thigh. There are actually quite a lot of Leonard's flashbacks giving proof that Leonard himself is the murderer of his wife, but it is clearly that Leonard wants to lessen his sense of guilt, so he distorts his memory, it shows that memory can in fact be changed to satisfy oneself, memory can be reconstructed. To conclude, â€Å"He took away my†¦memory. He destroyed my ability to live. † Just like Leonard, humans in general acknowledge †˜memory’ is one of the abilities that help us to live, however it is not a must that this ability is reliable, in fact memory practically cannot be trusted.From Memento’s unique narrative structure, a genuine memory test definitely created a certain degree of confusion to the viewer. It is impossible for humans to have everything well organized merely by memory. The ‘facts’ in one’s memory can be rebuilt, as Leonard says,†Do I lie to myself to be happy? †¦ yes, I will. † Memory can easily be manipulated by one’s personal feelings. In Leonard’s case, his memory is manipulated by his guilt; he uses his memory as a tool to cloud the fact that he killed his wife because of his lack-of-short-term memory disorder.Leonard's lines, physical problem, tattoos and his flashbacks all are important proofs of ‘Leonard is the murderer of his own wife', which Leonard does not want to admit. From the beginning, his true motive o f finding that rapist murderer is only for his own satisfaction, finding his ‘goal of life', and more importantly, for lessening his guilt. That is why — being unknown that he does it on purpose or unintentionally — Leonard distorts his memory and reconstructs it and in the film.Now the distorted memory became reality for Leonard, and the facts change according to his reconstruction. We can see that memory can also manipulate at the same time, â€Å"memories can be distorted. They're just an interpretation, they're not an record. † The unique narrative structure and Leonard Shelby, the leading role of Memento, have proved that memory is no more than an interpretation after all. For memory can be distorted and manipulated out of one’s own satisfaction and desire. Memory is not facts, it cannot always be trusted. Memory is unreliable both physically and mentally.

Competitive Strategies Employed by Retail Supermarkets in the Uk: a Comparative Study.

1. Proposed working title: Competitive strategies employed by Retail Supermarkets in the UK: A comparative study. 2. Research Background: This research background focuses on competitive strategies employed by retail supermarkets in the UK. This background will give a general idea as what to anticipate in the report on strategies approach of leading retail supermarkets of the UK. Retail strategy is an overall plan or the agenda of action that has to follow by the retailer to get the success in the retail supermarket competition. (Barmen, B. & Evans, J. 2006). The retail supermarkets environment has become tremendous competitive in recent years . Top supermarkets like Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrison are heavily investing in infrastructure to bring higher quality product then their rivals. Retail supermarkets industry in UK has high development in their service by using advance technology, increasing product range, speed and quality. (Harvey, 2000). (Source: BBC news, 9 March 2006) Above diagram shows the market shares occupied by top retail supermarkets and other grocery markets in the UK on 9 march 2006. According to above diagram top four retail supermarkets of the UK hold 74. 4% shares of total grocery market on 9th march 2006. Tesco is the number one retail supermarket by griping 30. 4% market shares in the UK. Asda, Sainsbury and Morrisons are the main competitor of Tesco by holding 16. 6%, 16. 2 % and 11. 2% shares respectively. We can see very tough competition between retail supermarket in UK and Tesco looks more successful to overcome its competitor. Today these top retail supermarkets dominates grocery retailing in the UK. The industry construction is characterized by many attributes such as greater store size, lowering prices of goods and adopting different formats to satisfy the consumers’ expectation. (Andrew Holingworth, 2004) According to me retail supermarkets in UK are highly competitive which is good for consumers because aim of some organisations is to increase sales so they need to keep low price and in this competitive environment all organizations must be alert about changing needs of consumers and strategies of rivals. 3. Oraganisation Background: Tesco PLC: Tasco is number one retail supermarket in the UK now, which is founded by Jack Cohenin 1919. The first store-brand product sold by founder was Tesco-Tea. Tesco has spread its business all over the world of which 2,184 retail supermarkets are in the UK. Tesco’s UK supermarkets are divided into various formats differentiated by size and the range of product such as Tesco extra, Tesco superstore, Tesco metro, Tesco express and one stop where it offers fresh food and non food product like DVDs, books, clothing, health, garden furniture, electrical, home entertainment and also pharmacies. Tesco also has its other businesses like garden centres, Tesco personal finance which offers credit cards, loans, mortgages, saving accounts and insurance of car, home, life and travel. It also operates ISP, mobile phone, home phone and VoIp businesses. Tesco has its petrol pump at many places in UK. It offers lot of facilities like online shopping from its web site i. e. www. tesco. com at low price and club card scheme to its customers. (Tesco, 2008) J Sainsbury plc: J Sainsbury is UK’s longest retail supermarket chain of 509 supermarkets, 276 convenient stores and Sainsbury’s bank. It was founded by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury in 1869. Bacon was the first own-labeled product of Sainsbury. That time it has department of dairy, bacon, hams, Poultry and games, cooked meats and fresh meats. Now it has around 30000 fresh food and non-food products. Apart from this Sainsbury also has its Sainsbury’s bank which offers car, life, home, pet and travel insurance also offers loans, credit cards and saving accounts. (J Sainsbury, 2008). J Sainsbury was the UK’s leading retail supermarkets up to mid-1990s until it was overtaken by Tesco. (EL-Amir, A. nd Burt, S. 2008) 4. Rationale for the chosen topic: It is decides to select this research proposal topic competitive strategies employed by retail supermarkets in UK. This is first time I came to UK for my study. It was the big challenge for me to adjust and understand the circumstances over here because no one from my family and relative were with me and I have to manage everything like shopping, cooking, etc myself. On the first day I have to do shopping to get some goods & services so I was thinking from where can I get cheap, qualities and varieties of it? Many people gave me different suggestions but most of them were telling me to do the shopping from Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrison which are the famous retail supermarkets in UK where I can get lot of commodities. This motivates me a lot and on a personal note I would like to do my personal experience which drove me to choose this as my research topic. 5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Following question came in my mind during my research: ? What combination of competitive strategies makes retail supermarkets of the UK like Tesco and Sainsbury so successful? What are the impacts of strategies of Tesco and Sainsbury on retail supermarket of the UK? ? How are retail supermarkets in the UK evolving to meet changing customer needs? ? How can they stand out in a highly competitive environment where consumers have so many choices? 6. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Main objective of my research will be: ? To recognize and compare the competitive strategies employed by the Tesco and Sainsbury. ? To classify t he impact of strategies employed by the Tesco and Sainsbury on consumers and share market. ? To identify profit margin strategies of Tesco and Sainsbury. An attempt to identify which of them are most beneficial for the consumer. 7. LITERATURE REVIEW: My research is on competitive strategies employed by the retail supermarkets in the UK. The information on this topic has been published all over the books, news papers, online journals and web reports. I would like to review some of the most striking opinions given by some authors and my views on it. â€Å"We do not vary our retail offer in line with levels of local competition. We and all the other major grocery multiples have national strategies on pricing, branding, advertising, quality, range and services. Commented by Tesco (Press association, 2007) I also agree with the author’s view above. Tesco which is number one retail supermarket in the UK decides their strategies by comparing their strong rival’s strategies. Now day’s customers have lot of choice to do shopping because of the competition between retail supermarkets in the UK. Most of the people choose to do shopping on the criteria of pricing, looking at brand and quality of goods and also service provided by the retail supermarkets. I also use same criteria to do my shopping. â€Å"Tosco’s attack on Sainsbury’s southern stronghold reflected a more aggressive store opening programmer. But he also said that Sainsbury, which will this week release interim results, could begin to feel the effects of the credit crunch if consumer worries about weekly shopping bills push them into the arms of cheaper rival such as Aldi, Lidl or Asda. † Commented by Paul Langston associated director for location strategy at CACI. (Elizabeth Rigby, 2008) I completely have the same opinion with the author’s view stated above. Tesco observes strong areas of Sainsbury and opened its aggressive stores it that area to overcome its strong rival and to attracts the customers by giving better service and choice for shopping. This is also the part of the competitive strategy employed by Tesco to capture the powerful areas of competitor Sainsbury. This is period of credit crunch in the UK. It becomes extremely necessary for the people to cut redundant expenses so it is very tough time for all retail supermarkets to think about it and keep their customers constancy. According to some authors the increased competition between retail supermarkets in UK has led them to expand their product categories and extend their retail format to get profit. (Hackney, Grant, & Birtwistle, 2006). It is obvious that as competitor enhance every organization must think to raise their sales and consumers loyalty by using different strategies if all are in homogeneous business. Many supermarkets offers consumer to do online shopping at low prices. This is also part of strategies of the retail supermarkets to stick consumer with them. And authors view is that Tesco is the more successful retail supermarket which gets huge profit by implementing internet strategy. Such a way every retailer try to act in accordance with their consumer by using new technology , reducing ransaction cost or extending their business to different formats. 8. METHODOLOGY: My research topic on competitive strategies employed by the retail supermarkets in UK is an always on going topic. Retail supermarkets have to decide their strategies depending on the market situation and studying their rivals’ strategies. In my proposed research I have to identify strategies of Tesco, Sainsbury and it impact. It c an be recognized by understanding, observing and in-depth study of each retail supermarket. Hence this proposed research is descriptive in nature. This will give clear thought and understanding. Descriptive research means the research which serves a variety of research objective to understand its phenomena or characteristics connected with it. For further in-depth study and to participate in the observation and to know what is happening I have chosen this method. (Donald, R. & Pamela, S. 2006). 8. 1. DATA COLLECTION: In this proposed is always ongoing topic and lot of articles and information published everyday in news papers, magazines, journals and books and research of other authors which can be collected from library and internet. The information about Tesco and Sainsbury can be collected from their own web side. It will give lots of analysis of other authors, writers and researcher . I will get lot of option to understand and obtain objective of my topic. (Kothari, C. 2005) 8. 2. DATA ANALYSIS: Most of the data will be analyse predominantly from the internet. My personal observation, understanding and input will be integrated. The data will be gathered by the supermarket as part of internal organizational project relating paper and internet. The data analysis will be based on the performance of two retail supermarkets over the past years. Time series analysis will be use to get the objective of research. Quantitative data will be supplement with qualitative data obtain from all possible sources. (Kothari, C. 2005) 8. 3. RESOURCE REQUIREMENT: All the resources will be available from internet and the review of literature will be obtained from college’s library and private library. Internet is the most genuine source which is easily available today where I can search out e-books, Journal published by other authors and also information about Tesco and Sainsbury on their own web site which can save my time and cost of research. Updates of newspapers, Journals, articles, others research reports are also available on the internet. 9. TIME SCALE: | |October 2008 |November2008 |December2008 |January2008 | |Activity | | | | | W1 |W2 |W3 |W1 |W2 |W3 |W4 |W1 |W2 |W3 |W4 |W1 | |W/K Commencing |X | | | | | | | | | | | | |Search information | |X |X |X |X | | | | | | | | |Read & understand information | | | |X |X | | | | | | | | |Finalized Objectives | | | | |X | | | | | | | | |Prepare & Submit proposal | | | | | |X | | | | | | | |Compile necessary data | | | | | | |X |X | | | | | |Device Research strategy & method | | | | | | | |X | | | | | |Get Feedback | | | | | | | |X | | | | | |Gather Data | | | | | | | |X |X | | | | |Analyses Data | | | | | | | | |X | | | | |Update literature Read | | | | | | | | |X | | | | |Prepare rough draft | | | | | | | | | |X | | | |Draft to supervisor for feed back | | | | | | | | | |X | | | |Edit unwanted information | | | | | | | | | |X |X | | |Make final draft | | | | | | | | | | |X | | |Print | | | | | | | | | | |X | | |Submission | | | | | | | | | | | |X | | 10. BIBILIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES: 1) Berman, B. and Evans, J. (2006), Retail Management a strategic approach, 10th edition, New Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. 2) Holingworth, A. (2004), â€Å"Increasing retail concentration: Evidence from UK food retail sector†, British Food journal, [online], vol. 206, issue 4/5, Pp. 629-638, Available from URL:http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid=2D1F750288725BD25CCEDCE906588E78? contentType=Article&contentId=870774, [Accessed 7 November 2008] 3) Donald, C. & Pamela, S. (2006), Business Research methods, 9th edition, New Delhi (India), Tata McGraw-hill Publication. 4) Kothari, C. 1996), Research Methods and Techniques, 2nd edition, New Delhi, Age International publisher. 5) El-Amir, A. and Burt, S. (2008), â€Å"Sainsbury’s in Egypt the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? † International Journal of retail and distribution management, [online], vol. 36, Pp. 300-322, Available from UR L: http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do? contentId=1714594&contentType=Article, [Accessed 8 November 2008] 6) Harvey, M. (2000), â€Å"Innovation and competition in UK supermarkets†, Supply chain management: An international study, [online], vol. 5, Pp. 15-21, Available from URL: http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewPDF. jsp? Filename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/1770050102. pdf. Accessed 10 November 2008] 7) BBC news, 6 March 2006, â€Å"Q&A: supermarket competition concerns†, [online], Available from URL: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/4785544. stm. [Accessed 11 November 2008] 8) Press association, (2007), â€Å"Tesco fights monopoly accusations†, [online], The Guardian, Available from: URL:http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2007/apr/02/supermarkets. tesco. [Accessed 11 November. 2008] 9) Elizabeth Rigby, (2008), â€Å"Sainsbury losses strongholds to Tesco†, [online] Financial times, Available from URL: http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/74abaa68-af75-11dd-a4df-000077b07658. html. [Accessed 12 November 2008] 10) Hackney, Grant & Birtwistle, (2006), â€Å"UK grocery

Aurignacian Period

Aurignacian Period Definition: The Aurignacian period (40,000 to 28,000 years ago) is an Upper Paleolithic stone tool tradition, usually considered associated with both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals throughout Europe and parts of Africa. The Aurignacians big leap forward is the production of blade tools by flaking pieces of stone off a larger piece of stone, thought to be an indication of more refined tool making. Some Recent Studies Balter, Michael 2006 First Jewelry? Old Shell Beads Suggest Early Use of Symbols. Science 312(1731). Higham, Tom, et al. 2006 Revised direct radiocarbon dating of the Vindija G1 Upper Paleolithic Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10(1073):1-5 (early edition). Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 2002. Defining the Aurignacian. pp 11-18 in Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian, edited by Ofer Bar-Yosef and Joo Zilho. Lisbon: Portuguese Institute of Archaeology. Straus, Lawrence G. 2005 The Upper Paleolithic of Cantabrian Spain. Evolutionary Anthropology 14(4):145-158. Street, Martin, Thomas Terberger, and Joumlrg Orschiedt 2006 A critical review of the German Paleolithic hominin record. Journal of Human Evolution 51:551-579. Verpoorte, A. 2005 The first modern humans in Europe? A closer look at the dating evidence from the Swabian Jura (Germany). Antiquity 79(304):269-279. This glossary entry is part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Examples: St. CÃ ©saire (France), Chauvet Cave (France), LArbreda Cave (Spain)

Helium Facts (Atomic Number 2 or He)

Helium Facts (Atomic Number 2 or He) Helium is atomic number 2 on the periodic table, with the element symbol He. It is a colorless, flavorless gas, best known for its use in filling floating balloons. Here is a collection of facts about this lightweight, interesting element: Helium Element Facts Helium Atomic Number: 2 Helium Symbol: He Helium Atomic Weight: 4.002602(2) Helium Discovery: Janssen, 1868, some sources say Sir William Ramsey, Nils Langet, P.T. Cleve 1895 Helium Electron Configuration: 1s2 Word Origin: Greek: helios, sun. Helium was first detected as a new spectral line during a solar eclipse, so it is named for the Greek Titan of the Sun. Isotopes: 9 isotopes of helium are known. Only two isotopes are stable: helium-3 and helium-4. While the isotopic abundance of helium varies depending on geographical location and source, 4He accounts for nearly all of the natural helium. Properties: Helium is a very light, inert, colorless gas. Helium has the lowest melting point of any element. It is the only liquid that cannot be solidified by lowering the temperature. It remains liquid down to absolute zero at ordinary pressures, but can be solidified by increasing the pressure. The specific heat of helium gas is unusually high. The density of helium vapor at the normal boiling point is also very high, with the vapor expanding greatly when heated to room temperature. Although helium normally has a valence of zero, it has a weak tendency to combine with certain other elements. Uses: Helium is widely used in cryogenic research because its boiling point is near absolute zero. It is used in the study of superconductivity, as an inert gas shield for arc welding, as a protective gas in growing silicon and germanium crystals and producing titanium and zirconium, for pressuring liquid fuel rockets, for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a cooling medium for nuclear reactors, and as a gas for supersonic wind tunnels. A mixture of helium and oxygen is used as an artificial atmosphere for divers and others working under pressure. Helium is used for filling balloons and blimps. Sources: Except for hydrogen, helium is the most abundant element in the universe. It is an important component in the proton-proton reaction and the carbon cycle, which account for the energy of the sun and stars. Helium is extracted from natural gas. In fact, all natural gas contains at least trace quantities of helium. The fusion of hydrogen into helium is the sources of a hydrogen bombs energy. Helium is a disintegration product of radioactive substances, so it is found in ores of uranium, radium, and other elements. Most of Earths helium dates back to the planets formation, although a small amount falls to Earth within cosmic dust and some is produced via beta decay of tritium. Health Effects: Helium serves no biological function. Trace amounts of the element are found in human blood. While helium is considered to be non-toxic, it displaces oxygen so inhaling it can lead to hypoxia or asphyxiation. Fatalities from inhaling helium are rare. Liquid helium is a cryogenic liquid, so risks include frostbite from exposure and explosion from expansion if the liquid is stored in a sealed container. The mixture of helium and oxygen (heliox) can cause high-pressure nervous syndrome, however the addition of nitrogen can remedy the issue. Compounds: Because a helium atom has a valence of zero, it has extremely low chemical reactivity. However, unstable compounds called excimers can be formed when electricity is applied to the gas. HeH is stable in its ground state, but it is the strongest known Bronsted acid, capable of protonating any species it encounters. Van der Waals compounds form with cryogenic helium gas, such as LiHe. Element Classification: Noble Gas or Inert Gas Usual Phase: gas Density (g/cc): 0.1786 g/L (0 Â °C, 101.325 kPa) Liquid Density (g/cc): 0.125 g/mL (at its boiling point) Melting Point (Â °K): 0.95 Boiling Point (Â °K): 4.216 Critical Point: 5.19 K, 0.227 MPa Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 31.8 Ionic Radius: 93 Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 5.188 Heat of Fusion: 0.0138 kJ/mol Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 0.08 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 2361.3 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.570 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.633 Crystal Structure: close-packed hexagonal Magnetic Ordering: diamagnetic CAS registry number: 7440-59-7 Quiz: Ready to test your helium facts knowledge? Take the Helium Facts Quiz. References Meija, J.; et al. (2016). Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). Noble Gases. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. Return to the Periodic Table

International trade theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International trade theory - Essay Example Therefore, a country should only specialize in the production of its efficient commodity. Interpreting this account to the illustration on chart 4-10, Ghana specializes in the production of cocoa for commercial purposes than Korea who takes its advantage based on rice. Ghana being 4 times more efficient in cocoa productivity than Korea who specializes in rice gives absolute advantage of each other in trade negotiations. Besides, the theory of comparative advantage illustrates that country’s exports should not be measured by quantity but efficiency to avoid market dominancy. For instance, if 4tones of cocoa were exchanged by 4tones of, rice from Korea then Ghana would be susceptible compared to Korea (Pomfret 107). Clusters or networks of similar companies in the same industry are always encouraged as this harmonizes competitive advantage of the countries involved by creating room for innovations otherwise improving productivity. Cluster is also very essential for the promotion f a particular good or service believed to be efficiently located (Pomfret