WestJet Airlines Case Analysis

Presentation WestJet Airlines is a carrier organization in Canada that has gone past all chances and figured out how to be in charge of the friendliness business. The entirety of its organizers have consistently accepted that the key behind the company’s achievement is their consistency in culture and administration creation. The beginning of this organization is 1994 when one business visionary, Clive Beddoe, thought it was modest to claim a personal jet to encourage his week by week business goes between the two urban areas of Vancouver and Calgary.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on WestJet Airlines Case Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Amazingly, this didn't simply end at that. Clive and different accomplices figured it insightful to offer sanction transport to other likeminded specialists who made excursions to and from the two urban communities simply like them. This inevitably turned into a business open door for Clive and his group. They understood the potential in commercializing the contract transportation of the likeminded agents. After broad conference with different business people, Clive and his group cooperated with Neeleman to concoct an extensive money related model and marketable strategy. They at that point concocted modest, highlight point carrier benefits that were proposed to work in the western locale of Canada. This field-tested strategy appeared to be so practical and pulled in a lot of financial specialists who marvelously raised the required capital worth a large number of US dollars in under a month. The company’s first workers moved to their absolute first workplaces in downtown Calgary (Ken, and Gerard, 52). It is critical to take note of that in November of that time of its origination, the organization figured out how to buy two Boeings 737-200 and purchased a third toward the beginning of January of 1996. During its first phases of activity, WestJet Airlines flew i ts planes to the urban areas of Kelowna, Calgary, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Edmonton. It was not some time before the organization stretched out its wings to the urban communities of Ottawa, Moncton and Hamilton; where it really assembled a universal air terminal as its eastern base. From that point forward, WestJet Airlines has enrolled tremendous development. Issues confronting WestJet Airlines The company’s culture could be a potential issue. WestJet Airlines’ originator, Beddoe, had once said in a meeting that the accomplishment of the organization lies totally on its way of life. The organization is well known for its way of life. Its chief for interchanges and advertising portrays the way of life as energetic, fun and loose (Ken, and Gerard, 53). This is especially obvious on the grounds that it includes getting things done in a standard manner and in a totally unique way from other carrier organizations. For example, the specialists at the call community where exp lorers cause their appointments to have the command to abrogate charges. That regardless, the specialists have the ability to conclude whether to charge customers for dropping their flights or not. In certain events, these faculty have the ability to conclude whether to charge unaccompanied minors or not.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More somewhat, this culture has assumed a crucial job in making WestJet Airlines a one of a kind organization. It probably won't appear to be an issue or misfortune to the compelling administration of the organization as of now. In any case, this culture may present genuine difficulties sooner rather than later particularly because of the way that the organization is developing quickly. At this crossroads, it is savvy to state that the senior administration despite everything trusts the company’s agents in having the company’s interests on the most fundamental level. This may not be the situation particularly when the organization grows and stretches out its branches to various urban areas. The purpose behind this is the trouble in observing the all-encompassing branches remotely. Aside from the trouble in observing organization branches remotely, other administrative escape clauses like superseding of passages and approaches of cancelation of appointments needs unequivocal checking. This must be done extensively when the quantity of such irregularities is reasonable. If the administration needs to screen such situations in a lot of branches, there will undoubtedly be untraceable errors. This ought to be a reason for alert as a result of the high pace of development of the organization and particularly in light of the fact that the blunders include cash. In the first place, extra worker preparing is inescapable when new examples develop in these patterns (Ken, and Gerard, 53). The preparation clearly nee ds time and cash. Moreover, there are presumably no past occasions to put together the trainings with respect to thus everything becomes unadulterated mystery and sham. Another issue is the way that WestJet Airlines just flies one kind of airplane (Ken, and Gerard, 54). That regardless, the organization depends such a great amount on web tickets, gave constrained in-flight benefits and doesn't have flyer programs. This means the organization doesn't broaden its administrations. This means pulling in just one sort of customer. Right now, this couldn't appear to be a potential test to development. The organization does well in its general profitability and maybe this is ascribed to the standard methods that have been operational since the origin of the organization. Later on, in any case, this could be a genuine obstacle to proceeded with development as it gives customers no broadened administrations. Note that opposition will take the necessary steps to charm customers. In this neigh borliness situation, articulate visitor fulfillment is the way to progress. For example, WestJet Airlines doesn't offer any suppers and offers just one class administrations (Ken, and Gerard, 54). This may be viewed as a shortcoming by competition.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on WestJet Airlines Case Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatives Provide suppers for voyagers Offer various sorts of flights Offer various classes of administrations Provide measures for activity rather than representative own judgment In an accommodation industry like WestJet Airlines, intriguing the client is central. Customers have a shortcoming of returning to just the spots where they were beforehand generally fulfilled and intrigued. In as much as the organization does well in its general execution without offering dinners to customers, it should consider improving by giving its customers motivation to grin. It is critical to take note of that if the organization doesn't dazzle its clients another organization will. Thus, the administration of WestJet Airlines ought not hold up until their clients are intrigued by different organizations before they do likewise. The way that WestJet Airlines offers just one kind of flights demonstrates that it pulls in just one sort of customers (Ken, and Gerard, 56). There are clients who might need to recruit planes to their goals. Nonetheless, they are driven away to different carriers by the way that WestJet Airlines just has Boeings. The exact opposite thing a business foundation ought to do is make showcase for its rivals. For this situation, a customer will more outlandish come back to WestJet Airlines regardless of whether the person needs normal vehicle administrations. WestJet Airlines doesn't give various classes of administrations (Ken, and Gerard, 54). In business, differential valuing helps in boosting the benefits. There are clearly customers who are happy to pay more than others for going in a similar airplane and covering a similar separation essentially on account of somewhat more solace. The organization should exploit this and get more cash-flow. The motivation behind why WestJet Airlines can count its monetary records significantly after its delegates at the call community settle on free choices of whether to fine customers for late crossing out of appointments and whether to charge unaccompanied minors is a direct result of the sensible number of customers. While thinking about the gigantic development of the organization, note that the number will be unmanageable soon. The organization should, accordingly, consider actualizing a standard system for dealing with such issues. Arrangement The best of the options that WestJet Airlines ought to be sharp about is defining standard strategies for taking care of specific issues instead of giving workers the freedom to settle on certain autonomous choices. For example, the choice of whether to charge unaccom panied minors ought to be normalized. The administration ought to choose whether the minors ought to be charged for administrations or not. Whatever choice it makes should turn into a strategy and a standard methodology for taking care of every single comparative case. This might be a piece of a long-term methodology to factor in the chance of enlisting an expanded number of customers in future.Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This is maybe the most dependable methods for maintaining a strategic distance from all the budgetary inconsistencies that might be related with different evaluating. It is in some cases imperative to have standard costs particularly in quickly developing associations like WestJet Airlines so as to ease reviewing. It is, in this manner, basic that the organization considers having set up systems anticipated to counter future oddities (Ken, and Gerard, 59). End WestJet Airlines has been, for quite a while, positioned among the couple of most lucrative aircrafts in North America (Ken, and Gerard, 52). It has defeated genuine difficulties including high fuel costs and the diminishing economy. In any case, the organization ought to select broadening its administrations in an offer to pull in an assortment of customers. Works Cited Ken, Mark D., Gerard, Seijts T. â€Å"WestJet Airlines.† The way of life that breeds an energy 38.3 (2001): 52-61. Print. This exposition on WestJet Airlines Case Analysis was composed and presented by client Da

Making Your Statement of Purpose Stand Out

Offering Your Expression of Purpose Stand Out Though a decent school entrance exposition is ordinarily loaded up with individual stories and exercises gathered from your secondary school years, the mission statement fits a heavier scholarly concentration for those applying to cutting edge programs for experts and doctoral degrees, staff positions and examination posts. A norm, feel-great exposition about your lifes most noteworthy difficulties wont do here. To offer your expression of direction stick out, it should be overflowing with fascinating exploration, excellent extracurricular exercises and volunteerism, and convincing reasons why you (like every other person) would be acceptable at teaching.Taking passageway expositions to another levelThe mission statement may sound scaring to a few, yet it shouldnt be. On the off chance that youve come this far that youre prepared to apply to cutting edge instruction programs, youve without a doubt earned your keep to arrive. Try to change all the work youve done and reasons why you n eed to seek after this way further into a drawing in, yet compact, paper that leaves an entrance advisory board part saying, This individual will be a genuine resource for our department!Writing an incredible mission statement (SOP) is very like offering yourself to a business in an awesome introductory letter that will go with your resume (which, in many cases, youll submit with your SOP, as well). You definitely know your aptitudes and resources that make you sellable; the key is to discover what the college youre applying to is keen on buying.This is the place a little examination can prove to be useful. Odds are you may definitely think some about the courses, trains or examination the college youre applying to is directing, or you may even realize somebody on staff or as of now took a crack at the program. Whatever your sources, do your exploration and discover what sorts of undertakings you may have the option to take a shot at, or what new or one of a kind gifts you can bring to the office whenever acknowledged. This could mean perusing up on the web or in diaries on the universities ongoing exploration, conversing with educators or understudies you may think about whats going on there, booking a gathering with the senior member of the division or a teacher you love (youd be astonished that they are so ready to meet with expected understudies on the off chance that you are benevolent and appreciating when asking), or in any event, visiting with the office secretary by telephone for a couple of moments some calm evening. Consider it like noting an occupation promotion in the Sunday paper †youre getting a handle on your hotspots for the capabilities this school needs in a competitor, and once you discover them, you can talk up your aptitudes in a great SOP that is certain to get you noticed.Let the selling beginSelling yourself to a college is all in the expressing. Once youve investigated their necessities, you start by investigating your collection of examination, tutoring, outside exercises, and future goals and match them up to what they need. And keeping in mind that a portion of this may require a decent measure of straight-out telling in your composition (i.e., posting your dissertation(s), examines associated with, distributions youve composed, labs youve worked with and other uncommon tasks), there is still space for some concise foundation history, (for example, being conceived in China or growing up from a line of five designers) or individual stories that can help you sincerely interface with the reader.For occasion, among the content substantial depiction of the examination youve dealt with throughout the previous three years, a pleasant, acculturating contact may be to include something like:In late May of this current year, the three-year study I had from the outset hesitantly joined found some conclusion. My feelings were blended, as I had come to really appreciate and anticipate my work in the lab, while simult aneously I had been sitting tight for the day we would inspect our outcomes and trust in the result marry estimated. At the point when that day came, I couldnt have been more joyful to understand that my monotonous and, on occasion, disengaging deal with the task had here and there assisted with encouraging the field of examination into Alzheimers malady and put us that a lot more like a cure.Just similarly as with any exposition, this strategy for indicating the peruser an encounter you have had all through your work goes a huge path in helping them identify with you. With only three to five sentences of fair feeling about your encounters, the peruser gets far beyond from just a dreary rundown of your tasks and qualifications.Everyone needs to teachJust as in Hollywood, where each entertainer needs to coordinate, in the scholarly community, it appears to be each researcher needs to educate. While its lone common that the expert understudy ought to in the long run need to turn into an educator, get the job done it to state that the explanation since I need to help individuals has been utilized a bazillion times before.Therefore, discovering some all the more convincing, one of a kind motivations to carry training to the majority is all together. Maybe you feel the universes love of organic chemistry is dually missing and you could change that with your hands-on, science-is-fun methodology. Or on the other hand possibly you had an especially life changing teacher that you currently seek to emulate for another age of understudies †at that point explain to the college why and how you would do as such in your SOP. Whatever the explanation you wish to instruct, be real however avoid answers that are excessively broad or overused.When I develop up†¦And at long last, dont neglect to think beyond practical boundaries when itemizing your future yearnings in your SOP. Maybe you will probably be a teacher, or possibly youd simply prefer to lead propelled resear ch in interstate building ventures for the remainder of your life, however dont be reluctant to consider new ideas to the examination that hasnt even been addressed at this point. Maybe youd like to be the first to pioneer research on turnpikes controlled totally by PC †at that point dont be reluctant to say as much. Perhaps you long for one day heading the office youre now applying to †at that point reveal to them that (in an unpretentious however excellent way, not Ill have your activity one day, buddy!).Whatever your field, telling a college that youd be a positive expansion to their specialty while as yet stroking the schools aggregate personality in an aware (not kiss-up) way, is key in offering your expression of direction stand apart from the rest. Let your accomplishments and work represent themselves, yet make certain to coordinate them with precisely what the school is searching for and cant manage without, and in a matter of moments youll be enjoying the good li fe in an examination lab.

Parts of Speech Essay Example

Grammatical forms Essay Nounsâ are aâ part of speechâ typically signifying an individual, place, thing, creature or thought. These are the subjects in the sentence. Sorts of Nouns Common Nouns A typical thing is the word utilized for a class of individual, spot or thing. Models: * Car * Man * Bridge * Town * Water * Metal * Ammonia Proper Nouns A formal person, place or thing is the name of an individual, spot or thing (I. e. , its own name). A formal person, place or thing consistently begins with a capital letter. Models: * Michael * Africa * Peking * Dayton Peace Accord * United Nations * The Tower of London * Uncle George Uncleâ is composed with a capital letter since it is a piece of his name. ) * My preferred aunt is Auntie Sally. (In this model, the firstâ auntieâ is a typical thing, however the second Auntie is part of a formal person, place or thing. ) * The Red Lion Collective Nouns Aâ collective nounâ is the name of a number (or assortment) of individuals or things taken together and discussed as one entirety. Models: * group * ensemble * herd * posse * pack Abstract Nouns A theoretical thing is aâ type of nounâ that alludes to something with which an individual can't genuinely interact.A thing that is unique is a viewpoint, idea, thought, understanding, condition, attribute, quality, feeling, or other substance that can't be knowledgeable about the five detects. Models: * love * euphoria Compound Nouns Are things that are comprised of more than single word Examples: * court-military * pickpocket * water bottle * eating table *  boyfriend Count Nouns aâ count nounâ (alsoâ countable thing) is aâ common nounâ that can be altered by aâ numeralâ and that happens in bothâ singularâ andâ plural structure. Models: * Five table * One seat * Seven honors Twelve up-and-comers *  Six bottles Mass Nouns Also known as non-countable things these are the things you can't check Examples: * Food * music Pronouns are words that substitute forâ nouns an individual , spot, thing, or a thought. Sorts of Pronouns Personal Pronouns: Personal pronounsâ areâ pronounsâ that are related fundamentally with a particularâ grammatical personâ †first individual, second individual, or third individual. SINGULAR| PLURAL| | subjective| objective| possessive| subjective| objective| possessive| 1stâ person| I| me| my,â mine| we| us| our,â ours| ndâ person| you| your,â yours| you| your,â yours| 3rdâ person| hesheit| himherit| hisher,â â hersits| theyâ | them| their,â theirs|          Demonstrative Pronouns: Demonstrative pronouns sub for an individual, spot or thing that must be highlighted. They may work as subjects, items or objects of the prepositionâ areâ pronounsâ that are related principally with a particularâ grammatical personâ †first individual, second individual, or third individual. Reflexive/Intensive Pronounsâ :â â the self pronoun These pronouns can be utilized uniquely to reflect or increase a w ord as of now there in the sentence.Examples: * myself * yourself * himself * herself * itself * themselves * yourselves Indefinite Pronouns Anâ indefinite pronounâ is aâ pronounâ that alludes to at least one undefined creatures, items, or spots. Solitary: one| someone| anyone| no one| everyone| each| somebody| anybody| nobody| everybody| (n)either| something| anything| nothing| everything| Plural: Interrogative Pronouns: Interrogative pronouns produce data addresses that require more than a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† answer. Relative Pronouns Relative pronouns present relativeâ (adjectival) statements. VerbThe action word is maybe the most significant piece of theâ sentence. Aâ verb orâ compound verbâ asserts something about theâ subjectâ of the sentence and express activities, occasions, or conditions. The Kinds Of Verbs are: 1. Connecting Verb-gets the subject together with a word in the predicate that portrays the subjectsâ 2. Activity Verb-communicates an activity 3. Auxiliaryâ or helping action word is set before the primary action word in an action word phraseâ 4. Fundamental Verb-is put after the helper or helping action word in an action word state Adjective Anâ adjectiveâ modifies aâ nounâ or aâ pronounâ by portraying, distinguishing, or evaluating words.An descriptor for the most part goes before the thing or the pronoun which it adjusts. ? Graphic Adjectives or descriptive word of value ? Descriptive word of amount ? Predicative Adjectives ? Individual Titles ? Possessive Adjectives ? Expressive Adjectives ? Inconclusive Adjectives ? Inquisitive descriptive words ? Similar Adjectives Adverb Adverbs are words that adjust aâ verb,â adjective, another modifier. Sorts of Adverb: Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of Manner reveal to us the way or manner by which something occurs. Modifiers of Place Adverbs of Place reveal to us where something happens.Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Time disclose to us something about the time th at something occurs. Modifiers of Degree Adverbs of Degree disclose to us the degree or degree to which something occurs. Relational word Aâ prepositionâ linksâ nouns,â pronounsâ andâ phrasesâ to different words in a sentence. The word or expression that the relational word presents is called theâ objectâ of the relational word. Relational words for Time Prepositions utilized for time of various natures areâ in, on at and so forth. Relational word for Place Prepositions â€Å"in, on or at† are generally utilized for better places. Relational word for DirectionPrepositions like to, towards, through, into are utilized to portray the course. Conjunctions A combination is a joiner, a word thatâ connectsâ (conjoins) portions of a sentence. Organizing Conjunctions These conjunctions are utilized to connection or join two words or expressions that are similarly significant and complete as far as syntax when contrasted and one another. For And Nor But Or Yet Soon Subordin ating Conjunctions These conjunctions are utilized to join an autonomous and complete statement with a needy proviso that depends on the primary condition for significance and relevance.Other subjecting conjunctions are  Although, As, Before, Once, Though,Until, Whether, etc. Correlative Conjunctions Correlativeâ conjunctions work two by two to join words and gatherings of expressions of equivalent load in a sentence. There are six unique sets of correlative conjunctions: 1. either or 2. as well as (additionally) 3. neither nor (or increasinglyâ neither or) 4. both and 5. regardless of whether or 6. similarly as so Interjections anâ interjectionâ orâ exclamationâ is a word used to communicate anâ emotionâ or feeling with respect to the speaker

Brave New World Double Entry Journals Essay

It was on the grounds that around 3 centuries prior all classes of individuals were molded to like nature and transportation however that implied toward the end of the week they were ineffective so now they are adapted to like transportation and nation sports, which implies they despite everything expend transportation. | Pg. 30 â€Å"Human creatures used to be. † he dithered; the blood hurried to his cheeks. â€Å"Well, they used to be viviparous. †| What does viviparous mean? The setting of it in the book is by all accounts like a terrible word would be today to state. After this line it says â€Å"Born†. Viviparous: (of a creature) Bringing forward live youthful that have created inside the body of the parent. (Word reference. com) I was correct it intended to have children, BNW individuals are so used to babies being brought forth and don’t comprehend what it’s like for somebody to conceive an offspring. | Pg. 32 â€Å"Moral training, which should never, in any conditions, to be sane. †| The D. H. C. communicates the possibility that ethical training is acknowledged in the general public. Be that as it may, those ethics are dictated by ‘The World Controllers’. Thinking, destiny, or God don't assume a job in moral instruction. Nothing is to ever be founded on legitimate thinking and particularly feeling. | Pg. 34. â€Å"Till finally the child’s mind is these proposals, and the entirety of the recommendations is the child’s mind. What's more, not the child’s mind as it were. The adult’s mind too for his entire life long. The psyche that judges and wants and chooses made up of these recommendations. In any case, every one of these recommendations are our proposals! † The Director nearly yelled in his triumph. â€Å"Suggestions from the State. †| Everything the individuals think or need to do is from the state. Individuals can’t/aren’t permitted to think for their self’s. They are determined what they do and don’t like. The Director appears to be extremely glad about how the state can settle on what the children are to know/learn. All things being equal intently this is nearly done in today’s society. Schools are completely controlled per area on the planet and things are picked on what children ought to realize, and what is ethically right/wrong. | Pg. 35 â€Å"Nowadays the Controllers won’t endorse of any new game except if it tends to be indicated that it requires in any event as much mechanical assembly as the most convoluted of existing games. †| Why might the controllers not permit a game that is easier than any present games? All games must be more mind boggling by they way it works than current ones to be affirmed. Is this done to make individuals who create things to think more earnestly too make it progressively complex that thusly, the individuals are thinking more enthusiastically and ready to ideally deliver better things for the general public? | Pg. 35 â€Å"Two youngsters, a young man of around seven and a young lady who may have been a year more established, were playing, gravely and with all the concentrated consideration of researchers goal on a work of revelation, a simple sexual game. â€Å"Charming, enchanting! † the D. H. C. rehashed nostalgically. | Is it just me or is it strange that the general public pushes indiscriminately on kids age 7 and 8. Additionally the executive appears to appreciate viewing the two children sensual conduct. | Pg. 35 â€Å"This young man appears to be somewhat hesitant to participate in the standard sensual play. †¦.. â€Å"And so,† she co ntinued, turning around to the Director, â€Å"I’m taking him in to see the Assistant Superintendent of Psychology. Just to check whether anything’s at all irregular. †| Maybe there isn’t anything amiss with the kid, BNW society is essentially compelling little children to investigate/engage in sexual relations with one another. What can the director of brain research tell you other than that the child doesn’t subterranean insect also engage in sexual relations. It is additionally unpleasant that they all look precisely the same. | Pg. 39 â€Å"Our Ford’s: History is bunk. History,† he rehashed gradually, â€Å"is bunk. †Ã¢â‚¬  | I know, all things considered, Henry Ford said something like that; â€Å"†History is pretty much bunk. It’s convention. We don’t need convention. We need to embrace the here and now, and the main history that merits a tinker’s damn is the history that we make today. † (Chicago Tribune, 1916). | Pg. 41 â€Å"I’ve been feeling fairly unwell lately,† Fanny clarified. â€Å"Dr. Wells prompted me to have a Pregnancy Substitute. â€Å"But, my dear, you’re just nineteen. The principal Pregnancy Substitute isn’t obligatory till twenty-one. †| Since nobody in the general public has kids it appears as if once every female turns 21 they have a pregnancy substitute to copy pregnancy. This is possibly done so nobody has an odd inclination to have an infant. | Pg. 42 â€Å"Again? † Fanny’s kind, rather moon-like face took on a mixed up demeanor of tormented and objecting wonder. â€Å"Do you intend to let me know you’re as yet going out with Henry Foster? †| In the general public it appears to be a major objection to individuals particularly to date/wed. Individuals are just expected to go out together one night, engage in sexual relations, and be finished with one another that is the reason Fanny is addressing Lenina. | Pg. 45 â€Å"After all, every one has a place with each one else. †| This keeps coming up all through the book that after all everybody (has a place/attempts) to/for every other person. The general public here shows that they accept everybody is equivalent. For what reason would they make contrast class bunches for the general public? | Pg. 47 â€Å"They state someone committed an error when he was still in the container thought he was a Gamma and placed liquor into his blood-substitute. That’s why he’s so hindered. | So in the BNW society to stunt the development and intellectual competence of select gatherings they put liquor into the blood that is moved over the undeveloped organism to stunt the development. In today’s time inquire about has been demonstrated that on the off chance tha t you drink liquor when pregnant an infant can be brought into the world with birth absconds or have an intellectually issue. | Pg. 48 â€Å"The Nine Years’ War started in A. F. 141. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å"The Nine Years’ War, the incomparable Economic Collapse. There was a decision between world Control and pulverization. Among strength and . †| It can be derived that the contention broke out in Europe, influenced the greater part of the planet, and caused huge physical harm. It is over and over expressed that substance and natural weapons were utilized during the war, especially in mass air-assaults against urban areas. Following the war, the worldwide economy crumbled and made an uncommon overall monetary emergency. The new world pioneers attempted to coercively force their new philosophies on Earth’s populaces. This met with boundless opposition, including enormous scope riots. Understanding that they couldn't constrain individuals to embrace the new way of life, the World Controllers rather joined the planet into the One World State and started a serene crusade of progress. This battle incorporated the end of exhibition halls, the concealment of practically all writing distributed before 2058, and the pulverization of the couple of authentic world landmarks that had endure the war. | Pg. 51 â€Å"Ending is better than mending† | There are numerous implications to this announcement. One could be the unmistakable one that when you have an old pair of garments to toss it out as opposed to attempting to fix it. This helps the BNW economy by individuals continually going through cash to purchase new garments. A second point I took from this statement was with the ‘Nine Years War’ that it was smarter to end and restart how the world functioned than attempting to rearrange the planet and attempting to get from where we were before the war. | Pg. 51 â€Å"The presentation of Our Ford’s first T-Model . †| from the get go I thought their god/maker was some person named Ford yet now I’m peaty sure Huxley infers that it is Henry Ford. I expressed this on the grounds that Ford’s first model of vehicle he made was known as the T-Model. (Wikipedia) | Pg. 64 â€Å"It’s insufficient for the expressions to be acceptable; what you make with them should be acceptable as well. | He is disclosing to him that it doesn’t matter if the expressions are acceptable it’s how you make them great. He is inferring utilizing your psyche and not what is given to you. Future Rebel? | Pg. 67 â€Å"Fine to figure we can continue being socially helpful consi derably after we’re dead. Causing plants to develop. †| Even after your dead the general public despite everything utilizes you for it’s individual increase they take your body and it’s transformed into compost for harvests to develop!!! | Pg. 75 â€Å"Orgy-porgy, Ford and fun,Kiss the young ladies and make them One. Young men at one with young ladies at peace;Orgy-porgy gives discharge. †| This is discussing and blow out. The last refrain of â€Å"orgy-porgy gives release† as the brutal energy substitute, the proxy pregnancy and the soma, is an indication that the World State has not had the option to totally demolish from human instinct. There is still some requirement for freedom, a need to encounter forceful feelings that have not been totally cleared out through molding. Solidarity Service is one of numerous components used to channel condition of the fervor, with the goal that they present no danger to state power. | Pg. 77 â€Å"Not the greater part twelve individuals in the entire Center had ever been inside a Savage Reservation. As an Alpha-Plus clinician, Bernard was one of only a handful hardly any men she knew qualified for a grant. For Lenina, the open door was novel. †| What is a savage reservation? Is it a territory where they keep a gathering of ordinary individuals like you and me in today’s time? In the event that something turns out badly or for crises they can have back up DNA. | Pg. 78 â€Å"â€Å"In a crowd,† he protested. â€Å"As common. † He remained unyieldingly desolate the entire evening; wouldn’t converse with Lenina’s companions (of whom they met handfuls in the frozen yogurt soma bar between the wrestling bouts)†| It appears individuals in BNW l

Malcom Xs A Homemade Education Essay -- Papers

Malcom X's A Homemade Education Malcom X's A Homemade Education recounts to an account of how he picked up information without anyone else and how it guided his contemplations and thoughts. Perusing likewise formed his political perspectives. In spite of the fact that Malcom X is a candid individual about prejudice in America, and all through the world, I see that he has a privilege as furious, however goes a little over the edge on accusing whites. The story starts when Malcom is in prison and is given a book that he can't comprehend in light of the fact that he can't peruse. This irritated him a little and started a fire within him to figure out how to peruse and compose. Before long he went to the library in the prison and looked at a word reference. He started to duplicate the entire word reference learning word after word that he composed. Endless supply of the word reference, he began to peruse anything he could get his hands on. Regardless of what time it was, Malcom was perusing. Notwithstanding being in prison, he felt as free as he ever could be. Perusing and the capacity to realize is the thing that caused him to feel thusly. Subsequent to turning into a progressively instructed man, he started to consider the lessons of Muhamma...

Now on Khan Academy The American Museum of Natural History

Now on Khan Academy The American Museum of Natural History Where do 200 of the world’s leading scientists work to advance our knowledge of anthropology, astrophysics, comparative genomics, computational sciences, evolutionary biology, herpetology, ichthyology, invertebrate zoology, microbiology, ornithology, and paleontology? The American Museum of Natural History in New York is not only a museum filled with towering dinosaurs, meteorites you can touch, and delighted, curious children; it is also a leading research institution with 32 million specimens and artifacts and an incredibly active field program that sends researchers on more than one hundred expeditions every year. The American Museum of Natural History is a first-rate educational institution that inspires learners of all ages and was the first Ph.D. degree-granting museum in the Western Hemisphere. Naturally, we are absolutely delighted to announce a new partnership between this venerable institution and Khan Academy today. Where to begin? Maybe with an essay by Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the Museum’s Hayden Planetarium on “The Pluto Controversy” or a video about dark energy? Or if dinosaurs captivate you, discover how scientists have linked them to modern birds or perhaps take a tour of the Museum’s “big bone room” with paleontology collection manager Carl Mehling. Wherever your curiosity takes you, be sure to check back later this fall for even more great content from our newest partner, the American Museum of Natural History!

LET Task 3 Essay - 550 Words

LET Task 3 (Essay Sample) Content: LET task 3Name:Professor:Institution:LET task 3Power is described as the possession of influence and authority over others. It is a technique that depending on how it is exercised can result to either negative or positive outcomes in an organization. The five bases of power were published by American sociologists; John French and Raven Bertram in 1959. They include, referent, legitimate, reward, expert and coercive.Legitimate power also called positional power is derived from the position that one holds in the hierarchy in an organization. According to job description strategies, juniors are required to report to the seniors. For legitimate power to be exercised efficiently, the person must have earned the position legitimately. In the given scenario, legitimate power is exercised by the manager (Greiner, 2000). The manager encourages employee 1 and other employees to work extra harder to receive bonus. The dependency ratio between employee 1 and the manager is relati vely high. Employee 1 depends on the performance indicator to determine the extent of his work. On the other hand, the manager depends on employee 1 to work hard in order to boost the productivity of the corporation.Expert power is the ability to possess knowledge and expertise in a given field. The organization highly values normally people with this power because of their skills to solve complex issues. Employee 2 is the only certified accountant (CPA) in Corporation A. He is the only worker who can prepare the company financial statements (Greiner, 2000). Thus, employee 2 enjoys the privileges of expert power since he is allowed to work four-days a week. The dependency ratio between employee 2 and the chief accountant is high. Employee 2 depends on the chief accountant to be allowed to work fewer days per week. Similarly the chief accountant relies on employee 2 to prepare financial statements for the company. Eventually, it results to job promotion.Referent power is derived fro m the interpersonal relationship that a person has with other people in the same organization. One is said to possess a referent power when other people like and respect them. This power is gained from charisma since the charismatic person influences through admiration, and trust and respect others have for them. Employee 3 has been in corporation A for a few years. Nevertheless, employee 3 being a charismatic individual is liked by other employees. His influence is seen when he proposed that the company should increase sales. Indeed, the project was successful owing to the fact that he possesses a referent power. The dependency level between employee 3 and other employees is low (Greiner, 2000). It is delicate since it depends on the way employee 3 treats others. This type of power can be risky when the person possessing this power favors others instead of exercising equality.There is correlation between power and dependence. Typically, power depicts influence over decision that is made. This is because the impact that power reveals is dependent on the individuals. Generally, dependency power is generated when there is scarcity in the supply of a desired resource (Greiner, 2000). Essentially, there is close correlation between power and dependence as they jointly work as a control tool. Therefore, the scena...

Lakota Hills Essay - 636 Words

Case 2 – Lakota Hills Challenges and advantages of developing a specialty food business: The specialty food business can be rewarding and exciting, but it can also be a real struggle. Specialty foods can range from salad dressing to chocolate sauce to fragrant breads. If you can make it, you can sell it--provided you know how. The specialty food business is more about marketing than cooking, getting your product on the shelves and then off again into customers shopping carts. You can look at it in two ways, when some people go grocery shopping; they want not just a can of soup but something special. But other hand in an age when very few have the time to stay home and bake cookies, put up preserves or pickles, or spend hours over†¦show more content†¦Yes, their current strategy will work in the initial stages to grow into a profitable business. Like targeting specialty stores, chain supermarkets and targeting retail segment with consumer educational plan. How might they integrate other channels into their overall selling model? Marketing is the key for specialty food business. With the right amount of advertising and educating the consumers about the products, Lakota hills will be able to convince other channels too like food brokers and self distributing retailers. They should still continue to target specialty stores, arts and crafts festivals, farmers markets, events to reach more consumers and first time buyers. And they should also start mail orders, individual mail orders and online sales. If they choose the mail order route, Lakota Hills should develop their own mailing list by having everyone who purchases their products or show interest to purchase at flea markets, festivals or other events sign a guest book with address lines. Another option is to place small magazine ads so customers can order products by mail. How will Lakota Hills make money? By increasing the fry bread sales. They should start considering Adding new line of related Native American products Creating online presence and sales Providing recipes to the consumers They should work towards creatingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jeffrey Ostlers The Lakotas And The Black Hills1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lakota, an Indian group of the Great Plains, established their community in the Black Hills in the late eighteenth century (9). This group is an example of an Indian community that got severely oppressed through imperialistic American actions and policy, as the Americans failed to recognize the Lakota’s sovereignty and ownership of the Black Hills. Jeffrey Ostler, author of The Lakotas and the Black Hills: The Struggle for Sacred Ground, shows that the Lakota exemplified the trends and subsequentRead MoreLessons Learned From the Massacre at Wounded Knee Essays2448 Words   |  10 Pagesthe American hold on the west and closed the final chapter on a way of life that can never be brought back. Lakota Indians, having learned of the death of Sitting Bull started to move towards Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in hopes of finding protection from Red Cloud. However, the harsh South Dakota winter weather had different plans, causing Chief Big Foot to become extremely ill. The Lakota came across cavalry forces and showed white flags in order to show they were no threat and in need of assistanceRead MoreThe Lakota Sioux Of The Sioux Nation1599 Words   |  7 Pagesphysical objects they rest upon, become increasingly vital to that group’s identity as a people. One such group is the Teton Lakota of the Sioux Nation in South Dakota, an area that has been home to them for hundreds of years and, while their entire homeland is precious to them, of particular importance are the Black Hills, or Paha Sapa as they are called in Lakota. The Black Hills are an isolated mountain range rising 3000 to 4000 feet above the surrounding plains of South Dakota, Wyoming, and MontanaRead MoreHistory Research Paper on Battle at Wounded Knee1742 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement of settlers onto their lands, one major reason was the discovery of gold in the Black Hills which were part of the Lakota reservation given to them in the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty. Whites tried many time s to purchase this land but the Lakota refused to sale their sacred Black Hills. In 1876 the US government became impatient and frustrated with the Lakota Indians. Due to this the US ordered the Lakota to stay on the reservation if found off of it they would be considered threats and would beRead MoreThe Life Of Sitting Bull1420 Words   |  6 Pagesaccompanied a group of Lakota warriors (which included his father and his uncle Four Horns) in a raiding party to take horses from a camp of Crow warriors. Jumping Badger displayed bravery by riding forward and counting coup on one of the surprised Crow, which was witnessed by the other mounted Lakota. Upon returning to camp his father gave a celebratory feast at which he conferred his own name upon his son. Continued.. The name, TÈŸatÈŸaÅ‹ka IyotÈŸaÅ‹ka (Tatanka Iyotake), which in the Lakota language meansRead MoreThe American Of Native American History Essay2006 Words   |  9 PagesIndian nations appoint head chiefs to these councils so they could deal with a small group of men rather than the entire nations (North Dakota Studies). This sort of negotiation was meaningless to the Lakota, Dakota, and other Indian nations (North Dakota Studies). Decision-making among the Lakota and Dakota was based on participation of all until consensus was reached, and in this form of democracy a few men could not speak for all or bind all people to treaty promises (North Dakota Studies). NonethelessRead MoreThe Life of Sitting Bull1014 Words   |  5 Pages Sitting Bull was a Lakota Chief who was known for his skills as a warrior as well as his wisdom, which was highly valued by his tribe. In his life he battled against rival Indian tribes such as the Crow, which established him as a great warrior. Later he fought against the United States military, which had invaded their land and tried to take it by both force and by promised they intended to break. In his later years he was a part of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, which made him popular with bothRead MoreBlack Elk And Black Deer1202 Words   |  5 Pagesof Lakotas escaped from the reservation and traveled north to Canada where Sitting Bull’s band was. The winters in Canada were too harsh for the Sioux so they reluctantly moved back to the reservation where they were given hardly anything. With Black Elk’s people losing hope he teaches them the dances he learned in his visions. When Black Elk learns of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show he decides to go with him, after a few months doing shows in America Black Elk went to England. When the Lakotas wereRead MoreLakota Sioux Tribe : The Lakota Tribe1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lakota Sioux primarily located in North and South Dakota â€Å"are one of three main subdivisions of the Great Sioux Nation† (â€Å"Lakota†, n.d). Prior to the 1900’s, â€Å"The Lakota tribe consist of seven bands that lived throughout the Great Plains, the largest and most famous of being the Oglala Sioux Tribe† (â€Å"Lakota†, n.d.). In the late 1800’s the Lakota were relocated to several reservations, with the majority of the tribe living on the Pine Ridge Reservation and the Rosebud Reservation. In additionRead MoreNative American Spirituality And Native Americans1374 Words   |  6 Pagesand all of Mother Earth’s creations and resources as sacred and had the utmost respect for them. For the Sioux nation (also known as the Lakota), spirituality is an fundamental part of daily life. The Lakota’s world view, like that of a number of other indigenous peoples, embraces animism, shamanism and polytheism (McKenzie, 2001). Like other Natives, the Lakota have a very holistic approach to living, seeking unity in all living things. When these Natives address the universe, they speak to a world

Civil Disobedience Is Not Safe For The People Living...

When is an act of civil disobedience just or unjust? Or better yet, what is a just act of civil disobedience? According to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr in his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† â€Å"we who engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive.† In the case of Greenpeace protestors breaking into Australia’s nuclear plant, their act of civil disobedience is exactly what an act of civil disobedience justly looks like. Greenpeace had two goals when they decided to break into Lucas Heights. The first goal was to actively show the world how the lack of security at Lucas Heights put Australia at risk for a terrorist attack, and wanted to show how nuclear energy is not safe for the people living around the reactor. In the early hours of December 17, 2001, 46 Greenpeace activists broke into Australia’s nuclear site known as the Lucas Heights nuclear plant. The 46 volunteers split into two groups. Group one entered the grounds through a fence at the back of the facility, and the second group slipped in through the gate entrance. According to the activists in group two, there were only two security guards on duty at the front gate and none were mentioned for the back of the facility. While the groups were on the grounds, the activists used a four-wheel-drive vehicle to block the entrance gates of the nuclear site so they would be able to run on the grounds uninterrupted for as long asShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesin history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. But forRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageschallenges, including: â€Å"How can I help others accept new goals, new ideas, new approaches?† â€Å"How can I invigorate those who feel outdated and left behind?† â€Å"How do I help the ‘survivors’ of a downsizing pick up the pieces and move on?† â€Å"How do I help people with very different agendas and philosophies work together, especially during periods of high stress and uncertainty?† Anyone tempted to dismissively argue that the answers to these questions are â€Å"common sense† would do well to recall Will Rogers’Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22

What Is a Hypothesis The Scientific Method

A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for an observation. The definition depends on the subject. In science, a hypothesis is part of the scientific method. It is a prediction or explanation that is tested by an experiment. Observations and experiments may disprove a scientific hypothesis, but can never entirely prove one. In the study of logic, a hypothesis is an if-then proposition, typically written in the form, If X, then Y. In common usage, a hypothesis is simply a proposed explanation or prediction, which may or may not be tested. Writing a Hypothesis Most scientific hypotheses are proposed in the if-then format because its easy to design an experiment to see whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The hypothesis is written as a prediction of the outcome of the experiment. Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis Statistically, its easier to show there is no relationship between two variables than to support their connection. So, scientists often propose the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis assumes changing the independent variable will have no effect on the dependent variable. In contrast, the alternative hypothesis suggests changing the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent variable. Designing an experiment to test this hypothesis can be trickier because there are many ways to state an alternative hypothesis. For example, consider a possible relationship between getting a good nights sleep and getting good grades. The null hypothesis might be stated: The number of hours of sleep students get is unrelated to their grades or There is no correlation between hours of sleep and grades. An experiment to test this hypothesis might involve collecting data, recording average hours of sleep for each student and grades. If a student who gets eight hours of sleep generally does better than students who get four hours of sleep or 10 hours of sleep, the hypothesis might be rejected. But the alternative hypothesis is harder to propose and test. The most general statement would be: The amount of sleep students get affects their grades. The hypothesis might also be stated as If you get more sleep, your grades will improve or Students who get nine hours of sleep have better grades than those who get more or less sleep. In an experiment, you can collect the same data, but the statistical analysis is less likely to give you a high confidence limit. Usually, a scientist starts out with the null hypothesis. From there, it may be possible to propose and test an alternative hypothesis, to narrow down the relationship between the variables. Example of a Hypothesis Examples of a hypothesis include: If you drop a rock and a feather, (then) they will fall at the same rate.Plants need sunlight in order to live. (if sunlight, then life)Eating sugar gives you energy. (if sugar, then energy) Sources White, Jay D.  Research in Public Administration. Conn., 1998.Schick, Theodore, and Lewis Vaughn.  How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002.

Coca Cola Racial Discrimination Lawsuit - 1366 Words

COCA-COLA RACIAL DISCRIMINATION LAWSUIT 1999 (INGRAM ET AL. V. THE COCA-COLA COMPANY) Have you ever heard of the saying â€Å"never judge a book by its cover†? To judge someone based on what they look like on the outside, how they act, or even how they dress is discrimination. Discrimination is the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people (Merriam-Webster). While discrimination is a significant problem in todays society so is racism. Racism is not something new; it has been around for centuries. Racism is a major factor in many of the events that have happen in the past as well as the events that are happening in society today. John Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in 1886 in Atlanta Georgia selling only nine bottles a day. Today Coca-Cola is one of the largest distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage company’s in the world. It’s everywhere. Coca-Cola has 900 plants around the world and approximately 123,000 employees worldwide with its product being sold to 200 countries. It has hundreds of brands and thousands of products sold worldwide. Coca- Cola has one of the most sophisticated and persistent production and distribution systems in the world. It markets its product affordably in restaurants, stores, vending machines; concession stands, sporting events and etc. They also sell apparel with there logos on them to promote their brands and products. With a brand so large and successful it has severalShow MoreRelatedThe Coca Cola Company Struggles With Ethical Crisis1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crisis The Coca-Cola Company has struggled with ethical problems since the beginning of the 1990’s. The company has been accused of discrimination, interest of conflicts, and channel stuffing. (O.C Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell, 2011) The Coca-Cola Company is known as the world’s largest beverage company. The last ten years has been exceptional until the company struggled to meet its financial objectives and encountered a number of ethical crisesRead MoreThe Ethical Issues That Coca Cola Inc.1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthis Project Management essay, I am going to be talking about the ethical issues that Coca-Cola Inc. faced in the past several years. How the biggest world wide soft drink company faced Racial discrimination allegations, inflated earnings related to channel stuffing, and trouble with the distributors. I’ll be reviewing the consequences of all these actions, and how they recovered. Analysis Coca-Cola is a world wide know soft drink beverage organization. Started by a pharmacist namedRead MoreThe Coca Cola Company s Corporate Responsibility Regarding People, Planet, And Profit1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthe law or ethical standards of conduct attract negative publicity rather than positive discretionary activities, for example, community-outreach efforts and philanthropy. This paper seeks to analyze the Coca-Cola Company’s corporate responsibility concerning people, planet, and profit. The Coca-Cola Company was founded in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia and has grown to become the world’s leading non-alcoholic beverages company. It specializes in manufacturing, marketing and distribution of its concentrateRead MoreCoca Col The World s Largest Beverage Company884 Words   |  4 Pageskey facts are that â€Å"Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company and markets four of the world’s top five soft drinks brands namely Coke, Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite† (Ferrell, et al, 2013, p. 309). Over the years Coca-Cola has remained ahead of Pepsi, its main competitor. In 2006 however, Pepsi moved ahead of Coca-Cola by focusing on snack food and innovative strategies in the non-cola beverage market (Ferrell, et al, 2013, p. 309). The reputation of Coca-Cola has not only been amongRead MoreCoca Col The World s Largest And Most Successful Beverage Company Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesCoca-Cola Company Coca-Cola started its business in 1886 bringing, in the concept of carbonated soft drinks. Coca-Cola Company’s primary business consists of manufacturing and selling beverage concentrates and syrups, as well as some finished beverages, to bottling and canning operations and other distributors. (â€Å"Structure and culture - creating an effective organizational structure - Coca-Cola great Britain,† 1995). Coca-Cola was first to move into the marketplace and by being first to move intoRead MoreCoca Col The World s Largest And Most Successful Beverage Company Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesCoca-Cola started its business in 1886 bringing, in the concept of carbonated soft drinks. Coca-Cola Company’s primary business consists of manufacturing and selling beverage concentrates and syrups, as well as some finished beverages, to bottling and canning operations and other distributors. (â€Å"Structure and culture - creating an effective organizational structure - Coca -Cola great Britain,† 1995). Coca-Cola was first to move into the marketplace and by being first to move into this marketplaceRead MoreCoca Cola Company Struggles With Ethical Issues Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages The coca-cola company struggles with ethical issues Name Institution Coca-cola boasts of being the world’s largest beverage company serving approximately one billion customers daily. The most dominant products distributed by Coca-cola are Coke, Fanta, Sprite and Diet Coke. This strategy is aimed at ensuring that every customer gets satisfied whenever they use a Coca-cola brand. Coca-cola has large distributions across the globe making it the largest distributor in the world. The late Roberto GoizuetaRead MoreCoca-Cola: Diversity2576 Words   |  11 PagesAnalysis of an Organization: Traci Jancasz June 15, 2010 MGT 540: Diversity Professor Venecia Morris Graduate School of Management Table of Contents Introduction 3 Racial Discrimination Issues 3 â€Å"Quota Cola† Case 3 Cincinnati Case 4 Hawaii Case 4 Coca-Cola Company Reaction to Lawsuits 5 Analysis of Coca-Cola Diversity Initiatives 8 Works Cited 10 ------------------------------------------------- Introduction In order for any organization to flourish, there must be inclusion of culturalRead MoreCoca Cola Ethical Issues Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of ethical issues that Coca Cola has had within the past decades. The company has been accused of a number of unethical behaviors that had to do with the safety of their products, financial issues, also a contamination scare in 1999, and issues based on their competition. They were also accused of racial discrimination, distribution of additional goods being sent out to suppliers before the quarter ended, also known as channel stuffing. Other ethical issues Coca-Cola had were exhaustion of waterRead MoreCoca Col Unethical Activities799 Words   |  4 PagesSince the 1990’s Coca-Cola has been involved in some scandalous and very unethical activities in areas such as product safety, anticompetitiveness, racial discrimination, channel stuffing, distributor conflicts, intimidation tactics, pollution, depletion of natural resour ces, and health concerns (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Farrell, 2015). According to the case study, they have been named in multiple law suits; some which resulted in out of court private settlements, others in a court battle and still

Export Assistance and Incentives Free Essays

string(225) " Credit and Foreign Investment Reinsurance Scheme \(ECRS\), \? Duty Credit Certificate Scheme \(DCCS\), \?Motor Industry Development Program \(MIDP\), \?Sector Partnership Fund, \?Export Credit Incentives and Export Finance\." Export incentives Devices used by countries to encourage exports. These can include tax incentives for exporters, allowing them exemptions from the normal provisions of anti-monopoly legislation, preferential access to capital markets, priority Developing countries have started manufacturing industries only recently. As a result, their cost of production generally tends to be high because of the following reasons: ? Total market availability within the country is small with the result that the economies of large-scale production cannot be reaped. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Assistance and Incentives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Productivity of labor is low because the level of mechanization as compared to that in the developed countries is low. ?Manufacturing units in developing countries, being small and new, have considerably less expertise in the field of international marketing and because the volume of exports is low, the per unit cost of trade promotion expenditure tends to be high. India has to raise higher resources for development which has to be done through a number of indirect levies which tend to push up the overall cost of production. Most developing countries have, therefore, resorted to a number of export promotion measures. India has also been providing export assistance to Indian exporters. However, the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and countervailing duties does not allow specific types of export subsidies. The Government of India is, therefore, removing those export incentives which are not WTO compatible. NEW SYSTEM OF EXPORT ASSISTANCE: From 1992, export incentive system in India has been made simple. There are essentially three major incentives. These are: (1) Market-based Exchange Rate; (2) Fiscal Concessions, and (3) Facilities under the Export-Import Policy. These are discussed in detail below: MARKET BASED EXCHANGE RATE: For long, external value of the rupee was managed by the Reserve bank of India (RBI) by pegging the value of the rupee to a basket of currencies. RBI used to keep the value of the rupee at a level which was higher than the real value. In the post-Economic Reforms period, the Government of India decided to abolish all direct incentives to exports and promote exports through the exchange rate mechanism. Accordingly, the Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) was introduced. Under this system, there were two exchange rates: one official rate which was determined by the RBI as was the practice earlier; and second, a rate which was quoted by the banks based on the demand-supply position. Exporters had to surrender 40 per cent of their foreign exchange earnings to banks and could sell the residual 60 percent at the market rate which was normally expected to be more attractive than the official rate. Through this mechanism the Government hoped to achieve two objectives: First the difference between the market rate and the official rate would provide enough incentives to the exporters. Second, this would introduce a self-balancing mechanism for the balance of trade, because only that much imports could be made which could be financed through the market i. e. the resources available through the 60 percent account. One year’s experience revealed that rupee remained stable in the international market. This gave to the Government for full convertibility on the trade account. Accordingly, rupee was made fully convertible for export-import transactions in March 1993. This would provide more financial benefit to the exporters as under the LERMS, they had to surrender 40 per cent of their receivables at a discount which averaged about 15 per cent when LERMS was in operation. Since March 1993, the exchange rate of the rupees is fully determined by the demand supply conditions in the market. Under such a system, exporters will get benefit when rupee depreciates while importers will lose. When rupee appreciates, the balance of benefits will be just the reverse. TAX CONCESSIONS: a)In the computation of total income, Section 80-HHC allows a deduction of the whole of the profit derived from the export of goods or merchandise. The requirement of minimum tax contained in Section 115-J does not apply to exporting corporate assesses. This benefit is also available to supporting manufacturers exporting through Export/ Trading Houses provided that the amount of deductio n claimed is retained as a reserve for the purpose of the business of the assesse. However, the budget for the year 2000-2001 has reduced this exemption by 20 per cent every year to be phased out in five years. b)Exemption from taxation of the profits from overseas projects to the extent of 50 per cent. (c)Exemption from taxation of 50 per cent of royalty, commission, fees or any similar payment obtained from the exports of technical know-how and technical services. (d)A 10-year tax holiday for 100 per cent export-oriented units and for units located in Free Trade/Export Processing Zones. (e)Discounted rates of customs duty on imports of selected items of machinery for export production. ? EXPORT ASSISTANCE AND INCENTIVES AVAILABLE TO THE EXPORTS Export assistance and a variety of facilities and export incentives available to the Exporters are given in mindset and more aggressive approach is needed to develop technology. Export capabilities and to enhance such exports. These may include better Management of trade policies at international level, simplified procedures, better Incentives for high value-technology incentives exports etc. Export incentives can play an integral role in developing export capability and can encourage exports by providing financial assistance to exporting companies to enable them to compete effectively in international markets. For South African industries facing exchange rate fluctuations and constant threats of competitors in other developing markets, tools to enhance global access to key markets are imperative. In addition to benefits available under the African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA) (legislation passed in the United States of America), bilateral trade agreements such as the one between South Africa and the European Union, the General System of Preferences (GSPs), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the International Trade Administration Commission (ITAC) provide assistance ranging from marketing support to export credits. The primary export incentives currently in operation in South Africa include: ? Export marketing and investment assistance scheme (EMIA) ? Tariff Restructuring Program, ?Sector Assistance Scheme (SSAS), ?Rebate Provisions ?Export Credit and Foreign Investment Reinsurance Scheme (ECRS), ? Duty Credit Certificate Scheme (DCCS), ?Motor Industry Development Program (MIDP), ?Sector Partnership Fund, ?Export Credit Incentives and Export Finance. You read "Export Assistance and Incentives" in category "Papers" EXPORT MARKETING AND INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE SCHEME (EMIA) The purpose of the EMIA scheme is to partially compensate exporters for certain costs incurred in respect of activities aimed at developing export markets for South African products and to recruit new foreign direct investment into South Africa. Additional benefits are awarded to small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) and businesses owned by the previously disadvantaged. The financial assistance is in the form of reimbursement and is not a pre-paid benefit. TARIFF RESTRUCTURING PROGRAM: By virtue of South Africa’s World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, import tariff levels are also being reduced and the import tariff listings are being simplified by reducing the number of tariff headings. Export incentives relate only to the export of goods destined for recognized export markets, which in general means to countries outside the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). SECTOR ASSISTANCE SCHEME (SSAS) Financial assistance is available to industry sectors with the objectives of developing new export markets; broadening the export base; stimulating the participation of SMMEs in the export sector, promoting black economic empowerment (BEE) and women empowerment within the overall objective of job creation. REBATE PROVISIONS: Is aimed at the promotion of manufacturing and exportation of goods, and are available to certain manufacturing industries in respect of duties applicable to imported goods, raw materials and components used in manufacturing, processing and for export. EXPORT CREDIT AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT REINSURANCE SCHEME (ECRS) Provides exporters with insurance cover against political and transfer risks, as well as commercial and insolvency risks. A special dispensation exists for SMMEs. DUTY CREDIT CERTIFICATE SCHEME (DCCS) This scheme is designed as a temporary â€Å"kick-start† measure to enhance the export competitiveness of certain prescribed textile and clothing products by offering duty credit certificates to qualifying exporters. These duty credit certificates could be used to off-set customs duties payable on import of similar products. MOTOR INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (MIDP) Is available to motor vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers and exporters. The programme enables local vehicle and component manufacturers to increase production runs and encourages rationalization of the number of models manufactured by way of exports and complementing import of vehicles and components. EXPORT CREDIT INCENTIVE Financing at reduced rates by the Investment Development Corporation (IDC). An export credit incentive is available to selected expansion schemes expected to result in increased foreign exchange earnings. Financing of credit for exporters of capital goods is also available through the IDC or private-sector merchant banks at reduced rates. ? Credit facilities under the export finance scheme for capital projects: Credit facilities are available to exporters of capital projects under the Export Finance Scheme for Capital Projects to allow them to compete internationally by offering buyers competitive rates denominated in US Dollars. FACILITIES AND INCENTIVES TO INDIAN EXPORTERS Promotion of export has been a major thrust area of the Ministry of Commerce And Industry for the last three decades. Apart from this. Many other Central/State Ministries have also been involved in the promotion of India’s exports. Many Exports Promotion Councils, Public Sector Undertakings, Chambers of Commerce, Industries’ Associations and Services Organizations are also contributing towards the promotion of Indian exports. The facilities and incentives presently available to the Indian exporters include the Following. MARKETING DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (MDA) The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has a scheme of MDA, which was launched in 1963 with a view to stimulate and diversify the export trade, along with he development of marketing of Indian products and commodities abroad. The MDA is utilized for: Market research, commodity research, area survey and research; Participation in trade fairs and exhibitions; Export publicity and dissemination of information; Trade delegation and study teams; Establishment of offices and branches in abroad; Grant-in-aid to Export Promotion Councils a nd other approved organizations for the development of exports and the promotion of foreign trade; and any other scheme which is generally aimed at promoting the development of markets for Indian products and commodities abroad. MARKET ACCESS INITIATIVE (MAI) The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has introduced the MAI in April 2001 with the idea that the Government shall assist the industry in RD, market research, specific market and product studies, warehousing and retail marketing infrastructure in select countries and direct market promotion activities through media advertising and buyer-seller meets. Financial assistance shall be available under the scheme to EPCs, industry and trade associations and other eligible activities, as may be notified from time to time. A small allocation of Rs 42 corer has been made for 2002-03. ? CENTRAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES The State Governments shall be encouraged to fully participate in encouraging exports from their respective States. For this purpose, a new scheme â€Å"Assistance to States for Infrastructural Development for Exports† (ASIDE) has been initiated which would provide funds to the States based on the twin criteria or gross exports and the rate of growth of exports from different States. Eighty per cent of the total funds would be allotted to the States based on the above criteria and remaining 20 per cent will brutalized by the Centre for various infrastructure activities that cut across State boundaries, etc. A sum of Rs 49. 5 crore has already been sanctioned for 2001-02 and furthers a sum of Rs 330 crore has also been approved for 2002-03. The State shall utilize this amount for developing complementary and critical infrastructure. TOWNS OF EXPORT EXCELLENCE A number of towns in specific geographical locations have emerged as dynamic industrial locations and handsomely contributing to India’s exports. These industrial cluster-towns have been recognized with a view to maximizing their export profiles and help in upgrading them to move up the higher value markets. A beginning is being made to consider industrial cluster towns such as Tripura for Hosiery, Panipat for Woolen Blankets and Ludhiana for Woolen knitwear. Common service providers in these areas shall be entitled for EPCG Scheme, funds under the MAI scheme for creating focused technological services, priority assistance for identified critical infrastructural gaps from the Scheme on Central Assistance to States. Units in these notified areas would be eligible for availing all the Exim Policy Scheme. The Government of India has framed several schemes to promote exports and to obtain foreign exchange. These schemes grants incentive and other benefits. The few important export incentives, from the point of view of indirect taxes are briefed below: ? FREE TRADE ZONES (FTZ) Several FTZs have been established at various places in India like Kandla, Noida, Cochin, etc. No excise duties are payable on goods manufactured in these zones provided they are made for export purpose. Goods being brought in these zones from different parts of the country are brought without the payment of any excise duty. Moreover, no customs duties are payable on imported raw material and components used in the manufacture of such goods being exported. If entire production is not sold outside the country, the unit has the provision of selling 25% of their production in India. On such sale, the excise duty is payable at 50% of basic plus additional customs or normal excise duty payable if the goods were produced elsewhere in India, whichever is higher. ELECTRONIC HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY PARK / SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARKS This scheme is just like FTZ scheme, but it is restricted to units in the electronics and computer hardware and software sector. ADVANCE LICENCE / DUTY EXEMPTION ENTITLEMENT SCHEME (DEEC) In this scheme advance licence, either quantity based (Qbal) or value based (Vabal), is given to an exporter against which the raw materials and other components may be imported without payment of customs duty provided the manufactured goods are exported. These licence are transferable in the open market at a price. EXPORT PROMOTION CAPITAL GOODS SCHEME (EPCG) According to this scheme, a domestic manufacturer can import machinery and plant without paying customs duty or settling at a concessional rate of customs duty. But his undertakings should be as mentioned below: Customs Duty RateExport ObligationTimetime 10%4 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery5 years Nil in case CIF value is Rs200mn or more. 6 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery or 5 times exports on (NFE) basis of CIF value of machinery. 8 years Nil in case CIF value is Rs50mn or more for agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, floriculture, horticulture, poultry and sericulture. 6 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery or 5 times exports on (NFE) basis of CIF value of machinery. years . Note:- NFE stands for net foreign earnings. CIF stands for cost plus insurance plus freight cost of the machinery. FOB stands for Free on Board i. e. export value excluding cost of freight and insurance. DEEMED EXPORTS The Indian suppliers are entitled for the following benefits in respect of deemed exports: ? Refund of excise duty paid on final products ?Duty drawback ?Imports under DEEC scheme ?Sp ecial import licenses based on value of deemed exports The following categories are treated as deemed exports for seller if the goods are manufactured in India: 1. Supply of goods against duty free licences under DEEC scheme 2. Supply of goods to a 100 % EOU or a unit in a free trade zone or a unit in a software technology park or a unit in a hardware technology park 3. Supply of goods to holders of licence under the EPCG scheme 4. Supply of goods to projects financed by multilateral or bilateral agencies or funds notified by the Finance Ministry under international competitive bidding or under limited tender systems in accordance with the procedures of those agencies or funds where legal agreements provide for ender evaluation without including customs duty 5. Supply of capital goods and spares upto 10% of the FOR value to fertilizer plants under international competitive bidding 6. Supply of goods to any project or purpose in respect of which the Ministry of Finance permits by notification the import of goods at zero customs duty along with benefits of deemed exports to domestic supplies 7. Supply of goods to power, oil and gas sectors in res pect of which the Ministry of Finance permits by notification benefits of deemed exports to domestic supplies MANUFACTURE UNDER BOND This scheme furnishes a bond with the manufacturer of adequate amount to undertake the export of his production. Against this the manufacturer is allowed to import goods without paying any customs duty, even if he obtain it from the domestic market without excise duty. The production is made under the supervision of customs or excise authority. DUTY DRAWBACK IT means the rebate of duty chargeable on imported material or excisable material used in the manufacturing of goods in and is exported. The exporter may claim drawback or refund of excise and customs duties being paid by his suppliers. The final exporter can claim the drawback on material used for the manufacture of export products. In case of re-import of goods the drawback can be claimed. The following are Drawbacks: ?Customs paid on imported inputs plus excise duty paid on indigenous imports. ?Duty paid on packing material. Drawback is not allowed on inputs obtained without payment of customs or excise duty. In part payment of customs and excise duty, rebate or refund can be claimed only on the paid part. In case of re-export of goods, it should be done within 2 years from the date of payment of duty when they were imported. 98% of the duty is allowable as drawback, only after inspection. If the goods imported are used before its re-export, the drawback will be allowed as at reduced per cent. ? NAME Yash patel COLLEGE NAME Kamala Mehta College of commerce ROLL NO. 156 PROJECT NAME Export assistance and incentives CLASS T. Y. BCOM (B) ? How to cite Export Assistance and Incentives, Papers

Export Assistance and Incentives Free Essays

string(225) " Credit and Foreign Investment Reinsurance Scheme \(ECRS\), \? Duty Credit Certificate Scheme \(DCCS\), \?Motor Industry Development Program \(MIDP\), \?Sector Partnership Fund, \?Export Credit Incentives and Export Finance\." Export incentives Devices used by countries to encourage exports. These can include tax incentives for exporters, allowing them exemptions from the normal provisions of anti-monopoly legislation, preferential access to capital markets, priority Developing countries have started manufacturing industries only recently. As a result, their cost of production generally tends to be high because of the following reasons: ? Total market availability within the country is small with the result that the economies of large-scale production cannot be reaped. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Assistance and Incentives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Productivity of labor is low because the level of mechanization as compared to that in the developed countries is low. ?Manufacturing units in developing countries, being small and new, have considerably less expertise in the field of international marketing and because the volume of exports is low, the per unit cost of trade promotion expenditure tends to be high. India has to raise higher resources for development which has to be done through a number of indirect levies which tend to push up the overall cost of production. Most developing countries have, therefore, resorted to a number of export promotion measures. India has also been providing export assistance to Indian exporters. However, the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and countervailing duties does not allow specific types of export subsidies. The Government of India is, therefore, removing those export incentives which are not WTO compatible. NEW SYSTEM OF EXPORT ASSISTANCE: From 1992, export incentive system in India has been made simple. There are essentially three major incentives. These are: (1) Market-based Exchange Rate; (2) Fiscal Concessions, and (3) Facilities under the Export-Import Policy. These are discussed in detail below: MARKET BASED EXCHANGE RATE: For long, external value of the rupee was managed by the Reserve bank of India (RBI) by pegging the value of the rupee to a basket of currencies. RBI used to keep the value of the rupee at a level which was higher than the real value. In the post-Economic Reforms period, the Government of India decided to abolish all direct incentives to exports and promote exports through the exchange rate mechanism. Accordingly, the Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) was introduced. Under this system, there were two exchange rates: one official rate which was determined by the RBI as was the practice earlier; and second, a rate which was quoted by the banks based on the demand-supply position. Exporters had to surrender 40 per cent of their foreign exchange earnings to banks and could sell the residual 60 percent at the market rate which was normally expected to be more attractive than the official rate. Through this mechanism the Government hoped to achieve two objectives: First the difference between the market rate and the official rate would provide enough incentives to the exporters. Second, this would introduce a self-balancing mechanism for the balance of trade, because only that much imports could be made which could be financed through the market i. e. the resources available through the 60 percent account. One year’s experience revealed that rupee remained stable in the international market. This gave to the Government for full convertibility on the trade account. Accordingly, rupee was made fully convertible for export-import transactions in March 1993. This would provide more financial benefit to the exporters as under the LERMS, they had to surrender 40 per cent of their receivables at a discount which averaged about 15 per cent when LERMS was in operation. Since March 1993, the exchange rate of the rupees is fully determined by the demand supply conditions in the market. Under such a system, exporters will get benefit when rupee depreciates while importers will lose. When rupee appreciates, the balance of benefits will be just the reverse. TAX CONCESSIONS: a)In the computation of total income, Section 80-HHC allows a deduction of the whole of the profit derived from the export of goods or merchandise. The requirement of minimum tax contained in Section 115-J does not apply to exporting corporate assesses. This benefit is also available to supporting manufacturers exporting through Export/ Trading Houses provided that the amount of deductio n claimed is retained as a reserve for the purpose of the business of the assesse. However, the budget for the year 2000-2001 has reduced this exemption by 20 per cent every year to be phased out in five years. b)Exemption from taxation of the profits from overseas projects to the extent of 50 per cent. (c)Exemption from taxation of 50 per cent of royalty, commission, fees or any similar payment obtained from the exports of technical know-how and technical services. (d)A 10-year tax holiday for 100 per cent export-oriented units and for units located in Free Trade/Export Processing Zones. (e)Discounted rates of customs duty on imports of selected items of machinery for export production. ? EXPORT ASSISTANCE AND INCENTIVES AVAILABLE TO THE EXPORTS Export assistance and a variety of facilities and export incentives available to the Exporters are given in mindset and more aggressive approach is needed to develop technology. Export capabilities and to enhance such exports. These may include better Management of trade policies at international level, simplified procedures, better Incentives for high value-technology incentives exports etc. Export incentives can play an integral role in developing export capability and can encourage exports by providing financial assistance to exporting companies to enable them to compete effectively in international markets. For South African industries facing exchange rate fluctuations and constant threats of competitors in other developing markets, tools to enhance global access to key markets are imperative. In addition to benefits available under the African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA) (legislation passed in the United States of America), bilateral trade agreements such as the one between South Africa and the European Union, the General System of Preferences (GSPs), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the International Trade Administration Commission (ITAC) provide assistance ranging from marketing support to export credits. The primary export incentives currently in operation in South Africa include: ? Export marketing and investment assistance scheme (EMIA) ? Tariff Restructuring Program, ?Sector Assistance Scheme (SSAS), ?Rebate Provisions ?Export Credit and Foreign Investment Reinsurance Scheme (ECRS), ? Duty Credit Certificate Scheme (DCCS), ?Motor Industry Development Program (MIDP), ?Sector Partnership Fund, ?Export Credit Incentives and Export Finance. You read "Export Assistance and Incentives" in category "Papers" EXPORT MARKETING AND INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE SCHEME (EMIA) The purpose of the EMIA scheme is to partially compensate exporters for certain costs incurred in respect of activities aimed at developing export markets for South African products and to recruit new foreign direct investment into South Africa. Additional benefits are awarded to small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) and businesses owned by the previously disadvantaged. The financial assistance is in the form of reimbursement and is not a pre-paid benefit. TARIFF RESTRUCTURING PROGRAM: By virtue of South Africa’s World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, import tariff levels are also being reduced and the import tariff listings are being simplified by reducing the number of tariff headings. Export incentives relate only to the export of goods destined for recognized export markets, which in general means to countries outside the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). SECTOR ASSISTANCE SCHEME (SSAS) Financial assistance is available to industry sectors with the objectives of developing new export markets; broadening the export base; stimulating the participation of SMMEs in the export sector, promoting black economic empowerment (BEE) and women empowerment within the overall objective of job creation. REBATE PROVISIONS: Is aimed at the promotion of manufacturing and exportation of goods, and are available to certain manufacturing industries in respect of duties applicable to imported goods, raw materials and components used in manufacturing, processing and for export. EXPORT CREDIT AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT REINSURANCE SCHEME (ECRS) Provides exporters with insurance cover against political and transfer risks, as well as commercial and insolvency risks. A special dispensation exists for SMMEs. DUTY CREDIT CERTIFICATE SCHEME (DCCS) This scheme is designed as a temporary â€Å"kick-start† measure to enhance the export competitiveness of certain prescribed textile and clothing products by offering duty credit certificates to qualifying exporters. These duty credit certificates could be used to off-set customs duties payable on import of similar products. MOTOR INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (MIDP) Is available to motor vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers and exporters. The programme enables local vehicle and component manufacturers to increase production runs and encourages rationalization of the number of models manufactured by way of exports and complementing import of vehicles and components. EXPORT CREDIT INCENTIVE Financing at reduced rates by the Investment Development Corporation (IDC). An export credit incentive is available to selected expansion schemes expected to result in increased foreign exchange earnings. Financing of credit for exporters of capital goods is also available through the IDC or private-sector merchant banks at reduced rates. ? Credit facilities under the export finance scheme for capital projects: Credit facilities are available to exporters of capital projects under the Export Finance Scheme for Capital Projects to allow them to compete internationally by offering buyers competitive rates denominated in US Dollars. FACILITIES AND INCENTIVES TO INDIAN EXPORTERS Promotion of export has been a major thrust area of the Ministry of Commerce And Industry for the last three decades. Apart from this. Many other Central/State Ministries have also been involved in the promotion of India’s exports. Many Exports Promotion Councils, Public Sector Undertakings, Chambers of Commerce, Industries’ Associations and Services Organizations are also contributing towards the promotion of Indian exports. The facilities and incentives presently available to the Indian exporters include the Following. MARKETING DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (MDA) The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has a scheme of MDA, which was launched in 1963 with a view to stimulate and diversify the export trade, along with he development of marketing of Indian products and commodities abroad. The MDA is utilized for: Market research, commodity research, area survey and research; Participation in trade fairs and exhibitions; Export publicity and dissemination of information; Trade delegation and study teams; Establishment of offices and branches in abroad; Grant-in-aid to Export Promotion Councils a nd other approved organizations for the development of exports and the promotion of foreign trade; and any other scheme which is generally aimed at promoting the development of markets for Indian products and commodities abroad. MARKET ACCESS INITIATIVE (MAI) The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has introduced the MAI in April 2001 with the idea that the Government shall assist the industry in RD, market research, specific market and product studies, warehousing and retail marketing infrastructure in select countries and direct market promotion activities through media advertising and buyer-seller meets. Financial assistance shall be available under the scheme to EPCs, industry and trade associations and other eligible activities, as may be notified from time to time. A small allocation of Rs 42 corer has been made for 2002-03. ? CENTRAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES The State Governments shall be encouraged to fully participate in encouraging exports from their respective States. For this purpose, a new scheme â€Å"Assistance to States for Infrastructural Development for Exports† (ASIDE) has been initiated which would provide funds to the States based on the twin criteria or gross exports and the rate of growth of exports from different States. Eighty per cent of the total funds would be allotted to the States based on the above criteria and remaining 20 per cent will brutalized by the Centre for various infrastructure activities that cut across State boundaries, etc. A sum of Rs 49. 5 crore has already been sanctioned for 2001-02 and furthers a sum of Rs 330 crore has also been approved for 2002-03. The State shall utilize this amount for developing complementary and critical infrastructure. TOWNS OF EXPORT EXCELLENCE A number of towns in specific geographical locations have emerged as dynamic industrial locations and handsomely contributing to India’s exports. These industrial cluster-towns have been recognized with a view to maximizing their export profiles and help in upgrading them to move up the higher value markets. A beginning is being made to consider industrial cluster towns such as Tripura for Hosiery, Panipat for Woolen Blankets and Ludhiana for Woolen knitwear. Common service providers in these areas shall be entitled for EPCG Scheme, funds under the MAI scheme for creating focused technological services, priority assistance for identified critical infrastructural gaps from the Scheme on Central Assistance to States. Units in these notified areas would be eligible for availing all the Exim Policy Scheme. The Government of India has framed several schemes to promote exports and to obtain foreign exchange. These schemes grants incentive and other benefits. The few important export incentives, from the point of view of indirect taxes are briefed below: ? FREE TRADE ZONES (FTZ) Several FTZs have been established at various places in India like Kandla, Noida, Cochin, etc. No excise duties are payable on goods manufactured in these zones provided they are made for export purpose. Goods being brought in these zones from different parts of the country are brought without the payment of any excise duty. Moreover, no customs duties are payable on imported raw material and components used in the manufacture of such goods being exported. If entire production is not sold outside the country, the unit has the provision of selling 25% of their production in India. On such sale, the excise duty is payable at 50% of basic plus additional customs or normal excise duty payable if the goods were produced elsewhere in India, whichever is higher. ELECTRONIC HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY PARK / SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARKS This scheme is just like FTZ scheme, but it is restricted to units in the electronics and computer hardware and software sector. ADVANCE LICENCE / DUTY EXEMPTION ENTITLEMENT SCHEME (DEEC) In this scheme advance licence, either quantity based (Qbal) or value based (Vabal), is given to an exporter against which the raw materials and other components may be imported without payment of customs duty provided the manufactured goods are exported. These licence are transferable in the open market at a price. EXPORT PROMOTION CAPITAL GOODS SCHEME (EPCG) According to this scheme, a domestic manufacturer can import machinery and plant without paying customs duty or settling at a concessional rate of customs duty. But his undertakings should be as mentioned below: Customs Duty RateExport ObligationTimetime 10%4 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery5 years Nil in case CIF value is Rs200mn or more. 6 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery or 5 times exports on (NFE) basis of CIF value of machinery. 8 years Nil in case CIF value is Rs50mn or more for agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, floriculture, horticulture, poultry and sericulture. 6 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery or 5 times exports on (NFE) basis of CIF value of machinery. years . Note:- NFE stands for net foreign earnings. CIF stands for cost plus insurance plus freight cost of the machinery. FOB stands for Free on Board i. e. export value excluding cost of freight and insurance. DEEMED EXPORTS The Indian suppliers are entitled for the following benefits in respect of deemed exports: ? Refund of excise duty paid on final products ?Duty drawback ?Imports under DEEC scheme ?Sp ecial import licenses based on value of deemed exports The following categories are treated as deemed exports for seller if the goods are manufactured in India: 1. Supply of goods against duty free licences under DEEC scheme 2. Supply of goods to a 100 % EOU or a unit in a free trade zone or a unit in a software technology park or a unit in a hardware technology park 3. Supply of goods to holders of licence under the EPCG scheme 4. Supply of goods to projects financed by multilateral or bilateral agencies or funds notified by the Finance Ministry under international competitive bidding or under limited tender systems in accordance with the procedures of those agencies or funds where legal agreements provide for ender evaluation without including customs duty 5. Supply of capital goods and spares upto 10% of the FOR value to fertilizer plants under international competitive bidding 6. Supply of goods to any project or purpose in respect of which the Ministry of Finance permits by notification the import of goods at zero customs duty along with benefits of deemed exports to domestic supplies 7. Supply of goods to power, oil and gas sectors in res pect of which the Ministry of Finance permits by notification benefits of deemed exports to domestic supplies MANUFACTURE UNDER BOND This scheme furnishes a bond with the manufacturer of adequate amount to undertake the export of his production. Against this the manufacturer is allowed to import goods without paying any customs duty, even if he obtain it from the domestic market without excise duty. The production is made under the supervision of customs or excise authority. DUTY DRAWBACK IT means the rebate of duty chargeable on imported material or excisable material used in the manufacturing of goods in and is exported. The exporter may claim drawback or refund of excise and customs duties being paid by his suppliers. The final exporter can claim the drawback on material used for the manufacture of export products. In case of re-import of goods the drawback can be claimed. The following are Drawbacks: ?Customs paid on imported inputs plus excise duty paid on indigenous imports. ?Duty paid on packing material. Drawback is not allowed on inputs obtained without payment of customs or excise duty. In part payment of customs and excise duty, rebate or refund can be claimed only on the paid part. In case of re-export of goods, it should be done within 2 years from the date of payment of duty when they were imported. 98% of the duty is allowable as drawback, only after inspection. If the goods imported are used before its re-export, the drawback will be allowed as at reduced per cent. ? NAME Yash patel COLLEGE NAME Kamala Mehta College of commerce ROLL NO. 156 PROJECT NAME Export assistance and incentives CLASS T. Y. BCOM (B) ? How to cite Export Assistance and Incentives, Papers